244 MISS D. M. A. BATE ON [Mar. 5, 



to trace the presence of Elephant bones for a depth of several feet. 

 Some few remains of ruminants, similar to those found in other 

 parts of the island, also occuiTed here, bnt were only observed 

 close to the uppermost of the bones of the Proboscidian, which 

 probably became extinct long before these smaller mammals. 



It has already been mentioned elsewhere * that in another cave- 

 deposit, on the same level — that is to say, not many feet above 

 the sea, and only a few yards distant from the one under dis- 

 cussion, — were found a number of land -shells, i/efe pellita Fer., a 

 species seemingh^ not previously recorded in a fossil state t, these 

 being preserved in the hard red breccia so common in cave-deposits. 

 The presence of these shells points conclusively to the deposition 

 of the mammalian remains under land-conditions, though it now 

 ap]3ears just possible that these deposits were subsequently at all 

 events partially submerged, which may help to account for their 

 fragmentary condition. The occurrence of this movement is 

 suggested hy the discovery, in some sand adhering to a femur of 

 U. cmtiquus^ of a large number of foraminifera and other maiine 

 forms, an account and list of which have been published by the 

 Rev. R. Ashington Bullen %. Traces of a former submergence are 

 more noticeable in the west of the island, especially at Sphinari 

 and the Kutri and Haghios Basilis caves ; it was also unexpected 

 in the east, where the coastal movement is supposed to have been 

 for long past in an opposite dii^ection to that in the west §. 



E. antiqu'us is represented by a number of limb-bones, including 

 several perfectly preserved foot-bones, and a single right man- 

 dibular ramus (M. 9384) containing two somewhat damaged molars. 

 Both from its size and from the fact of its having been found 

 situated just above the limb-bones, it was at first sight thought 

 that this last indicated the former occurrence in Crete of a small 

 race of Elephant intermediate in size between the pigmy E. creticus 

 and the A^ery large species indicated by the remains noticed below. 

 However, a further study of the material has caused the conclusion 

 to be reached that it is a portion of the mandibular ramus of an 

 immature specimen of E. antiquus, and that the teeth must be the 

 nenultimate and ultimate milk-molars, or perhaps the last of the 

 milk and first of the permanent series. The general appearance 

 and characters of these molars support this view of their identity, 

 which is further strengthened by the fast of the large limb-bones 

 occurring in the same deposit, and also that ^. fwi^zwt.s has already 

 been recorded from another district of the island. 



Lotoer Molars. — As already remarked, the two lower molars 

 obtained, and believed to be those of E, antiquus, are situated in 

 a portion of the right mandibular I'amus shown in text-fig. 83 

 and PI. XIII. fig. 3 : neither of these teeth is cjuite complete. 



* Geol. Mag. ii. s. dec. v. vol. ii. 1905, footnote 2, p. 199; and Rev. II. Ashington 

 Bullen, Pi-oc. Malacol. Soc. vol. vi., Sept. 1905, p. 307. 



t Ihid. 



X Geol. Mag. n. s. dec. v. vol. iii. pp. 353-358, pis. 18 & 19. 



§ For references to this, see Geol. Mag. n. s. dec. v. vol. ii. (1905), footnotes 2 & 3, 

 p. 197. 



