11)07.] OF A FKOO OF TllF CEXl'S MEOiAI.OrnRYS. 335 



expected from other points of likeness between the two genei'a, 

 w^hioh are referred bv some systematists to the same family of 

 Aivifera. The striking feature alxnit tlie museles of this aegion 

 of The body in Felobates, is their very massive development as 

 oompaivd more p^rtionlarly with Bii/o and Ceraioplwi/s, Vi\w\\ I 

 shall deal with later on in this eonnuunieation. AVhen the visoei-a 

 ai*e pnshed to one side to rendei* visible these \-arions nuiseles, the 

 ilinm and the transvei-se processes of the vertelnw are nearly 

 completely invisible. The latter indeed ai-e entirely so ; but a. 

 pwtion of the ilinm is exposed where the massive ilio-ooooygeal 

 mnsole diverges fi-om it. This is by no means the case with other 

 genei^sx, as the sei-ies of figni-es (text-fig-s. 93-96) illnsti'ating these 

 facts sliows. In this feature ag-jun y/t'(jaIoi)hri/s comes neaier to 

 Pelohates. But in Jleyalopln'i/s the expmded sacral vei-tebi-iv ai-e 

 left uncovered ; tliey are quite covered in Pelohotes. 



The strong Ilio-cocn/geal muscle covei's nearly the whole of the 

 ilium, arising up to it^ very tip. To the inside. /. t . towards the 

 oenti-e of the vertebrj^l column, it conceals the commencenient of 

 the intei-ti-ansversi\rius. The latter muscle is also very strong 

 and thick. Instead of lying betweet\ adjacent ti-ansvei'se pro- 

 cesses, it is not on their plane at all, but entiiely covers tliem and 

 moivover shows no visible tendinous insci-iptions. Quite anteriorly 

 3[\t the second or third vertebi-:\, this muscle tinally meets the 

 eqttivalent of the peculiar nmsde described above in Jlei/alop/iri/s. 

 That muscle, as in JlecfdJophrj/s, aivises iu Pelohaies a long way 

 down the ilium ; it is strap-shajied, but relatively stout it tl\:iu in 

 Megaloplu'i/s. In front of the ilium it had no attaclnuont to — 

 sent down\ no sli}>s to — the ti-sins verse pi'oeesses of any vertebn^ 

 save the anterior vertebi-a to which it is ultimately attached. 1 

 could detect no ilio-htmbaris other than this nniscle, even on 

 removing it from its close contact with the ii\tertransvers:irius ; 

 nor imlced is tliero much room tor one. 



80 tar as the material upon which I au\ able to report here ettables 

 me to sjiy. Ceratop/iri/s stands at one end of a sei'ies commencing 

 with Pelohates, and of which Piana is an intermediate member in 

 so far as coiicerus the muscles of the back which are here dealt 

 with. In Ceratophrifs the muscular development of this I'cgion 

 of the body is but feeble, relatively speaking. The transvei"se 

 processes of the vertebra'' and the larger part of the iliinn are 

 quite uncovered by muscles, which are extremely shrunken as 

 compared with those of JfegalopJirt/sand Pelohates und even Pana. 

 The same muscles pi-eciselv can be recognised and with but little 

 modilication. The Ilio- coccygeal is much reduced and arises only 

 from the intei-nal edge of the ilium, commencing some way below 

 the tip of that bone and not extending on to the ventral side. 

 T''he Intertransvei-siM-ii are quite separated by the successive trans- 

 verse processes. There is no continuous band of mnsculatui-e as 

 in 2\h^hates atul. though to a less extent, in some of the other types 

 described here. The IHo-lumbaris is peculiar as compared with 

 that of other i^enera : it arises as a thick battd of muscle from 



