348 MR. F. E. BEDDARD ON THE ANATOMY [Apr. 9, 



slips (on the right side of the body) is the one which is attached 

 to the cesophagus. It is, as ah^eady said, short as in Rana, and 

 does not extend far back in the body. The middle slip partly 

 covers this and is of considerably less size, that is to say, breadth, 

 for the length hardly differs. It lies at a different plane from the 

 first slip of the entii'e muscle, being more ventrally directed in its 

 course. It is attached to the membrane bearing the oviduct, 

 which is in its turn connected with the membrane at the root of 

 the lung. The outermost portion of the muscle is the largest and 

 is chiefly spread over the cervical aponeurosis, a good many of its 

 fibres being directed towards the lung. On the left side of the 

 body of the examj)le of this species wdiich I dissected, there was 

 not quite so marked a distinction between the first two parts of 

 the muscle. There is thus in this species of Frog a very much 

 more marked subdivision of the muscle than exists in Rana gurp2)y{, 

 which is perhaps due to, and is at least connected with, the fact 

 that the origin of the muscle in Ceratoplirys is more spread over 

 the surface of the transverse process, which is moreover enlarged 

 and rather firmly connected with the dorsal scute. This transverse 

 process extends outward far beyond the transverse processes of the 

 vertebrae which follow it. I am at present unable to go into 

 detail; but a dissection of Bvfo agua and of Rhacophorus* sp., 

 has shown that in these species also there is some sjjecialisation of 

 the slips of muscle passing to the oesophagus and lung. 



§ Alimentary Canal. 



The alimentary canal and the apjjended glands of Megalophrys 

 nasuta show certain small variations from the structure of those 

 organs in Rana escidenta and R. tigrina. But the conditions 

 obtaining in Rana gwpj^yi (text-fig. 99) prove that the form of the 

 liver, for example, is to be used with caution as a, generic character, 

 as do also the vaaiations in the form of this organ in the Common 

 Frog. In Rana giqypyi., for instance, the two lobes of the liver 

 represent the entire' subdivision of that organ. The right and 

 left lobes were not further subdivided in any of the three examples 

 at my disposal. And it may be remarked that three examples 

 selected at random are a very fair test of a characteristic. More- 

 over, in all of these three specimens the right and left lobes were 

 of approximately the same size. They were connected below the 

 oesophagus by a narrow isthmus of hepatic tissue. Now in the 

 Common Frogs of this country the left lobe is decidedly the larger 

 of the two. In the example of Rana tigrina which I dissected 

 the outer of the two lobes of the left division of the liver was, 

 though only slightly, the larger ; it is the same lobe which is figl^red 

 as the larger in Rana esctdenta t. Megaloplirys agrees with Rana 

 escidenta and R. tigrina as to the general disposition of the livei-- 



* From Borneo. I owe this specimen also to the kindness of Dr. Charles Hose. 

 t Cf., e. q., ' The Anatomy of the Froa; ' bv Ecker, Engl, trans, by Haslam : Oxford, 

 1889, p. 295, fig. 194 L. 



