352 MR. W. p. PYCRAFT CONTRIBUTIONS [Apr. 9, 



completely concealing the ilio-lumbaris muscle, which is entirely 

 exposed in the other genera mentioned. 



(3) The equivalent muscle of Ceratojyhrys, though arising as in 

 Rana and other genera from the transverse process of the fourth 

 vertebra only, is specialised into three separate slips, supplying 

 respectively the phaiynx, lung, and cervical aponeurosis. This 

 specialisation of the muscle is also be seen in Rhachophorvs and 

 Rana guppyi. 



(4) In Megalophrys nasuta the sacral vertebra is single and 

 fused with the coccyx and the vertebrse are proccelous. 



(5) The hyoid in this Frog agrees with that of the Pelobatida^ 

 generally in the deficient development of the anterior cornua. 

 These are only represented by a ligament, and the hyoid as a whole 

 most closely resembles that of Xeiwplirys monticola as figured by 

 W. K. Parker. The musculature of the hyoid does not materially . 

 diifer from that of Rana. 



(6) The musculature of the back shows characteristic difierences 

 among diff'erent genera of Batrachians. The genera of Ranidje 

 and Cystignathida? and Bufonidfe examined show fewer difierences 

 among themselves than any of them do from the Pelobatidse, 

 Pelohates and Megalophrys nasxita. 



(7) In the last two is a peculiar muscle apparently belonging 

 to the ilio-lumbar complex, running from the middle of the ilium 

 directly to the transverse process of the second vertebra, which 

 may perhaps be the equivalent of the " Musculus pulmonum pro- 

 prius " of Pipa. Other comparisons between the muscular system 

 of Megalophrys nasuta are remarked upon in the present paper ; 

 and other authors have commented upon likenesses between the 

 Aglossa and the Pelobatidfe. 



4. Contributions to the Osteology o£ Birds. — Part IX. 

 Tyranni ; Hirundines ; Muscicapce, Lanii, and Gi/mno- 

 riiines. By W. P. Pycraft, F.Z.S., A.L.S., &c. ^ 



[Received March 18, 1907.] 

 (Text-figures 101-104.) 



CONTENIS. 



i. Introductory Remarks, p. 352. vi. The Pelvic Girdle, p. 369. 



ii. The Skull of the Adult, p. 353. vii. The Pectoral Limb, p. 370. 



iii. The Vertebral Column, p. 366. viii. The Pelvic Limb, p. 371. 



iv. The Ribs, p. 367. ix- Summary, p. 372. 

 V The Sternum and Shoulder-Girdle, x. Key to the Osteological Characters 



p. 367. of the Skull, p. 378. 



i. Introductory Remarks. 



Although it cannot be claimed for the following pages that 

 they contain a complete account of the osteology oi the several 

 groups enumerated above, they may at least be said to contain 



