384 MR. B. LYDEKKER OIST THE C^Pl'- 23, 



forehead falls away towards the temples, so as to appear highl}' 

 arched . 



II. The Western race {E. africanus cyclotis), typically from 

 South Cameruns, also has the ears very large, but of quite different 

 shape, the contour being oval, and the lappet in the form of a 

 half-ellipse. The skin has a mosaic- like apjDearance, and its 

 colour is a paler grey than in the thiid i-ace. 



III. In the Sudan race {E. africanus oxyotis) the ears are 

 considerably smaller and semicircular in shape, with the fi-ont 

 lappet very sharply pointed and angular-. 



IV. The East African race {E. africanus hnochenhaueri), 

 typically from German East Africa, has still smaller ears, which 

 are triangular in shape, with the fi'ont lappet angulated and 

 pointed . 



In addition to these, a dwarf race of Elephant from the Congo 

 {E. africanibs jnmiilio), which may not have exceeded 7 feet in 

 height, has been named by Prof. T. Noack * ; while the Albert 

 Nyanza Elephant has been separated by myself t as a distinct 

 race, under the name of E. africanus albertensis, characterised by 

 certain peculiarities in the form of the skull, which is unusually 

 short and broad. 



Dr. Matschie, it should be added, was of opinion that the 

 Congo and the Angola Elephant might also be racially distinct, 

 while two or three other races might be represented in other parts 

 of Africa. 



Here a word of explanation may be given with regai'd to the 

 element indicated by the word " lappet" in the foregoing defini- 

 tion of Dr. Matschie's races. This, I take it, refers to the 

 antei'o-internal angle of the ear, which forms a moi'e or less dis- 

 tinct lobe, and, as in text-fig. 1U6, may be inflected. 



As Dr. Matschie commenced with the South African Elephant, 

 the same course may be followed on the present occasion. Here, 

 however, a difficulty at once presents itself, for thei'e appear to 

 be two distinct southern forms of the species, one from the eastei-n 

 and the other from the western side of Cape Colony. It was to 

 the Eastern form, as represented by an Elephant from the Upper 

 Orange River district, that Cuvier gave the name of Elejilias 

 capensis ; and since specimens from the same district affoi-ded 

 Dr. Matschie the materials for his definition of the race described 

 xmder that name, we must apparently accept this determination 

 of the race, which may, however, really be insejaa-rable from 

 Blumenbach's E. africanus tyjncus, based on teeth from a locality 

 unknown. 



A male Elephaiit from the preserves in the Addo Bush near 

 Port Elizabeth, mounted in the Grahamstown Museu.m, of which 

 the right side of the head is shown in text-fig. 105, agrees in the 

 squared form of the ear exactly with Dr. Matschie's definition of 



* Zool. Anz. Leipzig, vol. xxix. 1906, pp. 631-636. 

 t ' The Fi(4a,' vol. cvii. 1906, p. 1089. 



