1 908.] SEROWS AXI) GOI'vALS. 201 



jiniirjals be]on/,'K to Mr. Miunf'ord rather than to Major Evans. 

 Honours, however, are divided, Vjecause Major Evans's skins were 

 perfect, whereas t?)Ose belonging to Mrs. Murnford had Vjeen 

 made into mats and were witliout heads and legs. 



That Mr. Lydekker fell into the ei-ror of giving a new name to 

 the Arakan Goral must he attributed to his comparing it with 

 Himalayan specimens and not with examples from .South China. 

 Identity between Burmese and (Southern Chinese animals is in no 

 sense a surprising fact. 



The following synonymy, therefore, I believe to be well 

 established : — 



^\^. fjriseus M.-Edwai-ds, 1874 = J^ henryanus Heniy, 1890 = 

 ^V^. evansi Lydekker, 1905. 



If my supposition that the above-mentioned Corals from Ichang, 

 Sze-chuen, and Arakan he]oTig to the same species is correct, it 

 proves that this species, whatever its name, has a wide geogi-aphical 

 lunge, and presents very considerable individual variation in speci- 

 mens from the same locality with respect to the colour of the body 

 and of the feet. Indeed, w?ien the variability in these particulars 

 exhibited by the three examples from Ichang is taken into con- 

 sideration, grave doubts mast be thrown upon the .status of some 

 of the many so-called species from Southern China described by 

 Heude. 



This author, for example, described two '• species " from 

 Western Sze-chuen, namely, Kemas [= Nfmn,orhidv.s\ xantho- 

 deiros and K. pinchonianus, and one from Ea.stem Sze-chuen, 

 namely, K. iodiv/as* ; but, judging from the descriptions, the.se 

 differ less from each other in colour than do the three skins from 

 Ichang. It is necessary^ to add that Heude relied in his specific 

 determinations largely upon characters in the skull and teeth, 

 many of which are, I suspect, attributable to differences of age 

 and to individual variability +. 



Finally, I suspect that X. arnouxianus Heude % from Tche- 

 kiang mu.st also be refeiTed to the .species I have determined 

 above as N. griseus. So far as colour is concerned, no difference 

 seems to exist between them, and the chief cliaracter in the skull 

 Heude relied upon, namely the somewhat aVji-upt ri.se of the horns 

 from the frontal bone, is also, I think, unti-ustworthy ; for con- 

 siderable variation in this respect is exliibited by the skulls of 



* Mem. I'Hist. nat. Chinoif?, ii. p. 243, 1894. 



t Of the type of one of his " species," N. niger, Heude saj-.s that the discoverer 

 informed him " qu'elle etait rare et qu'onla voyait mHie aux troupeaux 'leg 

 autreg especes" ^jp. cit. p. 241j. Heude's apparent acceptance of this statement 

 in goofl faith, and his admission that the tj7je of iV. niffer was in the same herd as 

 examples of If. fargesianus, make it impossible to accejjt the author's ojjinion as 

 to specific differences. Two distinct njxxlea of a genus of Antelopes and Sheep 

 sometimes run together ; hut such cases are quite exceptional, and in the present 

 instance it appears to me that the evidence points to the type of JV. niffer being an 

 aged individual of a species of which the co-types of If. fargesianus were younger 

 forms. 



X Mem. I'Hist. nat. Chinois, ii. p. .3, 18S8, and torn. cit. p. 239, 1894 ; op. cit. iii. 

 pi. xxix., 1897. 



