280 DR. KNUD ANDERSEN ON BATS. [Apr. 7, 



larger in general bulk, and about one- sixth larger in linear 

 measurements." Forearm of type 68, third metacarpal 64 ; 

 length of skull 31, zygomatic width 19 mm. 



Later on, in 1900 (l.s.c), A. palmm'uin was recorded by Allen 

 from Bonda, Santa Marta region, Colombia, and Cali, S. Colombia; 

 in 1901 {I. s. c), by Robinson and Lyon from La Guaira, 

 Venezuela. 



To understand what led Allen and Chapman to separate 

 A. pahnarwm as a distinct species the following must be borne in 

 mind : — Allen and Chapman identified Linne's Vespertilio per- 

 sjjicillatus (1758) with the bat later on (1822) described by Leach, 

 on the basis of a Jamaica specimen, as Artiheus jamaicensis 

 (^A. j. jamaicerisis of the present paper)* ; having found that the 

 Trinidad representative of this type of bat differed [to a certain 

 degree] in size and colour from the Jamaica bat and, consequently, 

 required a name of its own, they called the Trinidad form 

 A. palmarimi. In so far all is clear : the Trinidad bat is, in fact, 

 as a rule distinguishable from the West Indian form. But Allen 

 and Chapman were mistaken in their identification of Linne's 

 V. persiyicillatus (Seba's V. Aniericanus vulgaris), which, as 

 pointed out by Oldfield Thomas, is not Leach's A. jamaicensis, 

 but the bat commonly called Carollia brevicauda ; further, 

 although there is a very Avell-marked average difference in 

 size and colour between Trinidad and Jamaica individuals of 

 A. jamaicensis, there is absolutely no "hard-and-fast" line 

 between them, so that they cannot be separated specifically ; 

 again, the Trinidad (Venezuelan, Colombian) bat comes so ex- 

 ceedingly near to the common Brazilian foiin of the species that 

 it, for all practical purposes, is completely indistinguishable from 

 this latter ; and, last, this Brazilian form had already a name, 

 viz. A. j. lituratus Licht. — The, infinitesimal average difference 

 in the size of the skull between A.j. lituratus and A.j. palmarum 

 is the only reason (if reason it can be jDi'operly called) on the 

 strength of which the latter can be kej^t separate as a " race." 



J. A. Allen's A. ioitermedius, 1897.— Type locality: San Jose, 

 Costa Rica. According to Allen, A. intermedins is " rather smaller 

 than A. palmarum," "apparently intermediate between A. pal- 

 marum and A. persjyicillatus [i. e. A.j. jamaicensis^," but "much 

 darker, with the head stripes narrower and much less distinct, 

 and the cheek stripes obsolete" ; " brain -case narrow and high, the 

 dorsal outline remarkably convex ;" forearm 65, third metacarpal 

 57 ; length of skull 29, zygomatic width 19 mm. 



A. intermedius was based on two adult and five " nearly full- 

 grown " young individuals. If Allen had had a larger series of 

 adults he would have found that the colour characters on which 

 he laid stress are of no diagnostic importance ; in Costa Rica, as 

 elsewhere throughout the whole area occw]i\ed hy A . j . lituratus 



* Allen & Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. i.\. Art. i. pp. 3-5 (23 Feb. 1897). 



