752 SIR HENRY H. HOWORTH ON THE [Nov. 9, 



of 330 feet above the sea at Hernosand (' Sounnar Kursernai.' 

 Upsahi, 1893, p. 16), whence the highest range gradually sinks 

 northwards to 51 metres at Neder Kalix at the head of the Gidf of 

 Bothnia (De Geer, G. F. i Stock. For. xii. p. 104). From Hernosand 

 the maximum elevation similarly falls gradually as we proceed 

 .southward, until in Southern Scania it is not more than 2 or 

 3 metres. The amount of elevation is similarly differentiated when 

 measured transversely, being highest in the upper country and 

 sinking gradually as Ave proceed towards the coast on either side. 

 It has been made out further that this movement extends west- 

 wards also, and that we can dr-aw isobaric lines along various 

 parallels of latitude, showing that the rise of the Baltic coast of 

 Sweden was paralleled by a corresponding elevation on its western 

 coast, where it is similarly marked by raised shell-beds. These 

 shell-beds on the shores of the Cattegat correspond in time to, 

 but differ generally in contents from, those of the Baltic, just as 

 the Cattegat differs and has always differed from the Baltic in its 

 .salinity and consequently in its wealth of marine life. 



The raised marine shell-beds of Western Sweden have been 

 divided into two sections — one at a much lower level than the 

 other and separated more or less by a, blank interval. The con- 

 tents of the lower beds correspond in the main to the living fauna 

 of the Cattegat, while the upper beds are markedly different. 



The famous beds at Uddevalla near TrolhJitten on the River 

 (Totha., already referred to, apparently differ in an important 

 respect from the other beds of similar elevation on the West 

 Coast of Sweden. The peculiarity I refer to was first pointed 

 out by G. Jeflreys, who in 1862 visited Uddevalla and collected 

 83 species of molluscs there. He showed that in these beds we 

 have a curious collocation of molluscs from deep water with those 

 from shallow water. What is most paradoxical about them, 

 however, is the fact that the deep-sea shells lie over the shallow- 

 water shells. This paradox was reasonably explained by Lyell by 

 the suggestion that, previous to the deposition of the upper shell- 

 stratum, there had been a depression of the ground by which 

 the lower stratum or shallow-water stratum had been greatly 

 depressed, the result being that the deeper-water mollusca 

 invaded an area where the bottom was strewn with a dead fauna 

 composed of shallow- water species. Afterwards both were uplifted 

 together, the deep-water forms necessarily lying above the others, 

 over whose old shells they had travelled when feeding. 



It is a curious confirmation of such a movement having taken 

 place, that in certain pai'ts of the Cattegat two species of molluscs 

 of a type which prevails specially at Uddevalla, each one being 

 consequently qualified as uddevcdlensis, are found in dead and 

 semi-fossilized specimens strewn over the floor of that fiord. 

 These are My a truncata var. uddevcdlensis, and Saxicava rugosa 

 var. uddevallensis, both having been doubtless killed by the 

 elevation of the sea-bottom which caused their brothers further 

 east to be uplifted 200 feet. 



