ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICKOSCOPY, ETC. 63 



to the presence in their integument of regular rows of starch-grains. 

 In this form the digestive apj)aratua consists of a narrow oesophagus, a 

 large gastric pouch, the walls of which were not detected, and an 

 intestine leading to an anus. A new generic form is represented by 

 Kilnckelia gyrans, which is a fresh- water Nodiluca. The body is 

 capable of elongation, and so is enabled to creep about. There is an 

 enormous tentacle which exhibits veiy active movement when the 

 animal is swimming. Under its cuticle there are two muscular layers, 

 which are continued into the tentacle. The mouth appears to lead 

 into a very large cavity. No phosphorescence has yet been observed 

 in this form. 



Infusoria Parasitic in Cephalopods.* — In an elaborate memoir, 

 A. Foettinger enters more into detail into some of the characters of 

 these forms.f In dealing with the suspected muscular fibrils, he says 

 that in optical section they reveal themselves as bright spots, set at 

 equal distances from one another, and placed near the cuticular 

 envelope. They give rise to the appearance of a transverse striation, 

 and these striae, of which there are two systems, become both visible 

 when the cover-glass is compressed on the animal. I'he differences 

 in the position of the fibrils is due to a difference in their state of con- 

 traction ; for as they contract their obliquity diminishes, and the part 

 of the body which contains them becomes shorter and wider. In one 

 case the author observed in Benedenia a nucleus extending through- 

 out the whole length of the body. He regards the nucleus, the 

 characters of which have been already detailed, as not forming a fixed 

 element, but one gifted with the power of amoeboid movements. 

 Opalinopsis sepiolce was on one occasion observed to conjugate and 

 reproduce while in sea water, so that in this case we can see how the 

 parasite may pass from one Cephalopod to another. 



Parasites of the EcMurida. J — Professor E. Greef describes Cono- 

 rhynchus gibbosus nov. gen, et sp., a large Gregarine to which he pre- 

 viously gave the name of Gregarina echiuri. The creature, which 

 lives in the digestive canal, is nearly always found, when adult, in 

 conjugation. Each individual forms a hemispherical disk, and its 

 surface is provided with a number of conical and warty projections. 

 At the anterior end there is a considerable process which appears 

 to serve as an organ of attachment; the form is completely trans- 

 parent owing to the great development of vacuoles. There is a large 

 nucleus. In size each adult is about 1 mm. long and 1 mm. broad. 

 In the youngest stage observed, the Gregarine had the form of a Mono- 

 cystis agilis, and the internal substance was opaque and darkly 

 granular. Distomum echiuri n. sp., found in the seminal vesicles of 

 Ecliiurus pallasi, is 2 mm. long, and is continued forwards anteriorly 

 into a proboscidiform process. Nemertoscolex parasiticus n. gen. et 

 sp., is a Nemertine of about 3 mm. long, found twice in the ccelom of 

 E. pallasi, in the male as well as in the female. 



* Arch, de Biol., ii. (1881) pp. 345-78 (4 pis.) 

 t See this Journal, i. (1881) p. 902. 



X Nova Acta Acad. C^s. Leop.-Carol. Germ. Nat. Cur., xli. ii. (1880) 'pp. 

 128-131, with figs. 



