80 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



pany or follow tlie fragmentation ; on the contrary, the multiplication 

 of the nuclei was accompanied by a considerable increase in size of 

 the chromatin-par tides and of the matrix. The same was the case 

 with the cell-nucleus of Phanerogams. The division of the nucleus 

 in the cell-division of Chara foetida is completed in a manner very 

 different from the later multiplication of nuclei, and presents also 

 but little resemblance to the mode of division in most animals and 

 plants. But in the older nuclei there is a considerable series of tran- 

 sitional forms in the same plant, to the most simple mode of division 

 by means of external constriction of the nuclear mass without internal 

 differentiation. 



There appears to be no essential morphological distinction between 

 karyokinetic division and fragmentation. 



Fungi. 



Conidial Apparatus in Hydnum.* — Ch. Eichon describes what 

 he considers to be a hitherto undetected reproductive apparatus 

 in Hydnum erinaceum. It resembles that described by M. Cornu in 

 Ptychogaster albus, and consists of intracellular conidia in the paren- 

 chyma, situated in the superior zone of the receptacle, and prolonged 

 into the median zone. Instead of being produced at the extremity of 

 cells of the parenchyma, they are formed and develope in the interior 

 of the cells. They vary in size from 6-7 /x in diameter, being usually 

 ovoid, less often rod-shaped. Conidia of somewhat similar origin 

 are found in Fistulina he^atica, Polyporus sulfureus, and Corticium 

 duhium. 



Alternation of Generations in Uredineae.f — E. Kathay confirms 

 Winter's observation that the Cceomata, on roses, potentillas, and the 

 raspberry, are the secidial forms of Phragmidia ; he found spermogonia 

 on them. The test of an secidial form he considers to be not the 

 envelope or the chain of spores, but the presence of spermogonia. 

 He regards Melampsora populina and ^cidium Clematidis as 

 probably developmental forms of the same species. 



Mode of Parasitism of Puccinia Malvacearum.J — The mode in 

 which the germinating filaments from the sporidia of Puccinia Malva~ 

 cearum penetrate the host has been variously stated to be through the 

 stomata, and through the cuticle where the lateral join the superficial 

 cell-walls. E. Rathay finds that though the latter is often the case, 

 they frequently perforate the epidermal cells at a point distant from 

 any lateral wall. 



Sterigmatocystis.§ — Cramer first described this genus of fungi 

 from S. antacustica, found in the ear of a deaf person. M. Bainier 

 now gives the characters of six new species: — S. usta, ochracea, 



* Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxviii. (1881) pp. 179-82 (1 pi.). 



t Verhandl. zool.-bot. Ges. Wieu, Jan. 5, 1881. See Bot. Centialbl., vii. 

 (1881) p. 164. 



I Verhandl. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Dec. 1, 1880. See Bot. Centialbl,, vii. 

 (1881) p. 163. 



§ Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxviii. (1881) pp. 76-9. 



