ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 419 



another at the free end, and the fixed extremity is mamillated and 

 expanded. The arrangement of the bars in the pharynx or branchial 

 sac is given in detail. The coelom is fairly well develoiDed. The 

 ovary and testis are, as in Ciona, a good deal mixed up together, but 

 each has its own duct. No renal organ was found, though numerous 

 yellow cells are present in the visceral mass. The author places the 

 genus near Herdmann's Ecteinnscidia, in the family Clavelinidas ; it 

 forms a connection between Edeinascidia and Ciona ; and thus also 

 between the simple and the compound Ascidians. 



A new species of the genus Ciona, viz. Pleiirociona Edwardsii, is 

 formed. The sub-genus includes those forms of which the whole of 

 one side is fixed. This species is very nearly cylindrical, and 

 yellowish green in colour. An important point of difference between 

 this subgenus and Ciona is that the peritoneal fold which separates 

 the general body-cavity from the peribranchial cavity is oblique to 

 the long axis of the body, instead of being perpendicular to it. 



Amongst the sub-family Phallusiadae the species of the genera 

 Ascidia and Ascidiella are described ; of the latter, a new species, 

 A. lutearia, is formed, in which the body is fixed by a posterior peduncle. 

 Of the genus Ascidia, sensu stricto, the author gives a description of 

 A. involuta Heller, in which the tunic is very thin and completely 

 covered by de'bris of shells, Bryozoa, &c. The " vibratile organ" is 

 very large, and its edges are much and irregularly folded. A new 

 species is found for A. elongata, in which the anal siphon is about 

 midway between the oral siphon and the fixed base ; the siphons are 

 rose-pink in colour, the whole tunic being reddish. The branchial 

 sac resembles that of A. mentida. The " vibratile organ " is usually 

 fairly simple, but in some individuals the aperture gets much sub- 

 divided by the unfolding and fusing of the edges. 



A table is given, showing the geographical distribution of those 

 Phallusiada; which occur on the coast of Provence, and there are 

 some excellent figures showing the natural colours and appearance of 

 the forms described. 



Arthropoda. 



Claus's Classification of the Arthropoda.* — Prof. E. Ray Lankester 

 has published a statement as to Prof. Claus's classification of the 

 Arthropoda,! in which he shows that his own already-published con- 

 clusions have been largely borrowed, but without acknowledgment, 

 by Prof. Claus. 



a. Insecta. 



Development of the Reproductive Organs in Insects.^— Prof. 

 A. Schneider continues his previous researches on the development 

 of the reproductive organs in insects. In the first part of his memoir 

 he gives an outlined attempt towards a connected view of the develop- 

 ment and comparative anatomy of these organs ; in the second part 



* Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xvii. (1886) pp. 364-72. 



t See this Jouniiil, ante, p. 2-10. 



X Zool, Beitr. (Schucidcr), i. (1885) pp. 257-300 (4 pis.). 



