434 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



13. Myriopoda. 



Morphology of Chilopoda.* — Dr. E. Haase, after a short review 

 of the work of his predecessors, reminds the reader that in 1880 he 

 proposed to distinguish the Scutigerid® and Lithohiid^ from all other 

 Chilopods as C anamorpha, in which there is post-embryonal 

 development, whereas the rest, which leave the egg with all the 

 segments and appendages of the adult, are C. epimorpJia. He has 

 carried this further by deriving the Scutigeridse from a hypothetical 

 Protolithohius^fovm, and, to use Meinert's term, by regarding them as 

 peripheral forms. The study of Indo- Australian Chilopods in the 

 Berlin Museum has led to the discovery of a new genus — Cennatohius 

 (0. martensii sp. n.), which will form a new family of the G. anamorpha, 

 and stand between Henicops and Scutigera. He points out the essential 

 characters of the new genus, and urges that it represents the hypo- 

 thetical Protoscutigerid which was necessary for the phylogenetic tree 

 which he has propounded. 



Respiratory Apparatus of Chilopoda.j — M. J. Chalande gives a 

 short summary of the facts that are known concerning the respiratory 

 system in the Myriopoda, and describes this system in the Chilopoda 

 of France. 



Whilst most of the forms possess tracheae, opening to the exterior 

 by means of stigmata placed on each side of the body, between tergite 

 and sternite, some, on the other hand, have a series of dorsally placed 

 masses of tubules, which he calls "lungs," opening by stigmata 

 between the tergites in the middle line ; the former he calls Tracheate 

 Chilopods, the latter Pulmonate Chilopods, and includes only one 

 genus described in this memoir — Scutigera longipes, which is regarded 

 as uniting the Myriopoda with Arachnida. Of the tracheate forms 

 he describes Geophilus electricus, Himantarium gahrielis, Scolopendra 

 hispanica, Cryptops hortensis, and Lithohius forficatus. There may be 

 a pair of stigmata in each segment, except in the cephalic and two anal 

 segments, the tracheae springing from which form two distinct net- 

 works, dorsal and ventral, as in Himantarium and Geophilus ; and in 

 these there is a " substigmatic pouch," without a spiral marking, into 

 which each stigma opens. In the other three genera the stigmata 

 occur on segments 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and so on, up to six pairs in 

 Litliohius, or nine pairs in the other two genera ; in Scolopendra the 

 trachesB anastomose and form a single network amongst the viscera ; 

 whilst in the other two the tracheae are independent : Cryptops has a 

 substigmatic pouch. 



Morphology of Scolopendrellse.J — A brief notice has been pub- 

 lished of a memoir by Prof. B. Grassi on the morphology of Scolopen- 

 drellse and their phylogenetic relations to insects and Myriopods. 

 The specific characters of four species, one of them newly discovered 

 by Grassi, are given, the geographical distribution is discussed, and 



* Zool. Anzeig., viii. (1885) pp. 693-6. 



t Bull. Soc. Nat. Hist. Toulouse, xix. (1885) pp. 39-65 (2 pis.). 



X Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, xxi. (1885) pp. 48-50. 



