ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 491 



Exohasidium Vaccmii attacks Vaccinium Viiis-Idsea and V. Myrtillua 

 in quite different ways. In the former it causes a local hypertrophy 

 of the parenchyma, having the form of bladdery swellings, which 

 have always a pink colour. In V. Myrtillus, on the contrary, the 

 leaves do not, when attacked, produce local swellings ; but the whole 

 leaf enlarges to two or three times its original size. The upper side 

 of these leaves is a bright yellow colour, while the under side is 

 covered by a white rime. It causes failure in the development of the 

 flowers and the fruit. 



Mycorhiza of the Spanish Chestnut.* — Herr 0. Penzig, referring 

 to the observations of Herr B. Frank on mycorhiza, f corrects his refer- 

 ences to the writings of Sig. Gibelli. Herr Penzig himself considers 

 the theory of a symbiosis between the fungus and the roots of the 

 Cupuliferee to be at present purely hypothetical. 



Zimmermann's Atlas of the Diseases of Plants.^ — The most 

 recently published parts of this work give photograms with descriptive 

 texts of Pitccinia VioJse, P. segra (which two species the author regards 

 as identical), P. Cepse, P. Asparagi, P. Bibis (^cidium Grossularise ?), 

 P. Pruni-spmosse, P. Cerasi, P. hullata, P. Iridis, P. Maydis, P. Ane- 

 mones virginianse, P. Arenarise, P. Malvacearum, P. Asteris (with which 

 he unites P. Tripolii, P. Ptarmicse, P. Millefolii, and P. Doronici), 

 P. Buxi, P. Galanthi, and P. Tulipse. 



Protophyta. 



New Microoh8ete.§ — Under the name Microchaete diplosiphon, 

 M. Gomont describes a new species from the neighbourhood of Paris. 

 The filaments are unbranched and bear a basal as well as intercalary 

 heterocysts. They are surrounded by a double sheath, the inner one 

 sharply differentiated, and closely applied to the filament, the outer 

 one looser and more mucilaginous. The hormogonia consist of from 

 three to twenty cells, and are formed in the upper part of the filaments. 

 After escaping from the mucilaginous sheath they form a new very 

 thin one, and constitute the basal heterocysts of new filaments. 



Origin of Saccharoinyces.|| — Sig, G. Cuboni finds in the sap 

 which flows from the stem of the vine in March and April numerous 

 organisms identical with Saccharomyces ellipsoideiis. These organisms, 

 or drops of fluid infested by them, very rapidly cause the ordinary 

 vinous fermentation in sterilized must. A close examination showed 

 that these cells are buddings from the hypha of Cladosporium herharum, 

 which is universally distributed in the bark of the vine. If Clado- 

 spormm-hyphae are sown in the drops of gum which exude on the 

 cut surfaces of old branches or in drops of the exuding sap, similar 



* Ber. Deutsch. Bot, Gesell., iii. (1885) pp. 301-2. 



t See this Journal, v. (1885) p. 844. 



X Zimmermann, O. E. R., ' Atlas der Pflanzenkrankheiten,' Heft 2-4, fol., 

 Halle, 1885. 



§ Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxii. (1885) pp. 209-12 (1 pi.). 



II Rivista di Viticoltura ed Enologia Ital., 1885 (1 pi.). See Bot. Centralbl., 

 XXV. (1886) p. 102. 



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