890 SUMMARY OF CUBRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Frenzel, however, has shown that it has no biliary constituents. Koss- 

 mann calls it a glandula intestinalis or intestinum glandulum, and 

 regards it as a reservoir of enteric function with a secreting, and at 

 the same time, absorbing epithelium. Sections of the hind-gut 

 reveal a lumen which is stellate in form, owing to the projection of 

 papillae into it. The fat-body appears to undergo early degeneration, 

 and the renal masses which it contains in the earlier larval stages 

 disapppear ; with this change we probably have to correlate the 

 altered mode of obtaining nutrition. The author is unable to give 

 any evidence as to the production of a highly odorous substance by 

 the rectal vesicle, on which Fraisse has reported; on account of the 

 feeble development of his own olfactory sense. 



Antennary Gland of Cytheridse.* — W. Miiller-Blumenau has 



discovered thsit El2ndium hrossoliarum is able to secrete a sticky material, 

 while in water ; the observations made in connection with this dis- 

 covery led him to the belief that the animal was able to spin, and that 

 the spinning organ was placed in the second pair of antennse. The 

 organ so well known to be present at the base of this pair of appen- 

 dages has been supposed to be poisonous in function, but no direct 

 observations have ever been made in support of this view, and it is 

 opposed by the delicate nature of its flagellum, which could never be 

 Bupposed to be capable of inflicting a wound. When the animal is 

 found hanging to glass its anterior end is always nearest to the glass, 

 Rnd the creature takes an oblique position. The author points out the 

 difl&culties presented by the habits of the animal in determining the 

 question which he has investigated, but it would seem to be certain that 

 the antennary gland is possessed of the power of secreting an attaching 

 thread. 



♦Challenger' Cirripedia.t — Dr. P.P. C. Hoek, taking Darwin's 

 Monograph as a basis of departure, gives (1) a sketch of the develop- 

 ment of our knowledge with regard to the number of the genera and 

 species of Cirripedia known, their geographical and bathymetrical 

 distribution ; (2) a summary of what has been added to our knowledge 

 of the anatomy, embryology, &c., of the group ; and (3) a discussion 

 of the different opinions published with regard to the classification 

 of the group, especially since the discovery of the so-called Cirripedia 

 Suctoria or Ehizocephala. 



Out of 78 species of Cirripeds represented in the ' Challenger ' col- 

 lection only 19 had been previously recorded, and 59 are named and 

 described now for the first time. In 1854 Darwin gave the number of 

 known Cirripeds as 147, and since then only some 18 new species 

 have been recorded. Of the 34 genera of Cirripedia at present known 

 the species of 28 have never been observed at a depth greater than 150 

 fathoms. Two have been found from the shore to 400 fathoms (^Alepas 

 and Poecilasma). Balanus occurs from the shore down to 510 fathoms. 

 Dichelaspis ranges down to 1000 fathoms ; and finally only two genera 



* Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1. (1884) pp. 213-6. 



t Report of tlie voyage of H.M.S. ' Challenger.' Zoology, viii. (1883) 169 pp. 

 (13 pis.). 



