ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 891 



(Scalpellum and Verruca) have been observed at depths greater than 

 1000 fathoms. The occurrence of these two latter genera in the 

 greater depths of the ocean coincides in a striking manner with their 

 paljBontological history, but Dr. Hoek has not been able to identify 

 any of the recent species with the extinct forms described by Darwin, 

 Bosquet, and Eeuss. 



Of the genus Scalpellum only 11 species were known up to the 

 cruise of the ' Challenger ' ; over 40 species were added to the list as 

 the result of the cruise. The majority of the species are inhabitants 

 of deep water ; indeed Scalpellum appears to be the only genus of the 

 stalked Cirripedia which is to be often met with at great depths. 

 It is also worthy of note that the observation of Darwin made with 

 regard to the number of specimens of Cirripeds during the Cretaceous 

 period may be made for the recent species of Scaljjellum : " The 

 number of species is considerable, the individuals are rare." While 

 the species found during the ' Challenger ' cruise amounted to 

 43, 26 of these are represented by a single specimen only ; 4 are 

 represented by 2 specimens ; 5 by 3 ; 2 by 4 ; and only 6 species are 

 represented by more than 4 specimens. The study of the complemen- 

 tal males found in some of the species of Scalpellum has given some very 

 interesting results, but we are promised a more detailed treatment of 

 the organization of these little creatures in a supplementary memoir, 

 which will deal with the anatomy of the group. The largest species 

 of the genus kno^vn has been called S. darwinii and only a single 

 specimen was dredged. 



Of the genus Verruca, 10 species, of which 6 are new, were found. 

 They are among some of the most interesting forms of animal life col- 

 lected during the expedition, and proved that the number of recent 

 species is much greater than had been to this time sujiposed to exist, and 

 that the genus has a true world-wide distribution. Of the six stations 

 which yield Verruca one belongs to the Northern Atlantic, three to the 

 Southern Atlantic, one to the Pacific, and one to the Malay Archipe- 

 lago. By these discoveries the range in depth has been immensely 

 increased; the greatest depth known to Darwin for V. stromia O.F.M. 

 was 90 fathoms, but the six new ' Challenger ' species inhabit depths 

 of from 500 to 1900 fathoms. Of the genus Balanus 9 species are 

 referred to, and 5 described as new ; and of the genus Gldliamalus 

 1 new species is described.* 



Vermes. 



New Pelagic Larva.t— J. W. Fewkes points out that before any 

 intimate connection between the Vermian and Polyzoan phyla can bo 

 satisfactorily made out, a larger number of intermediate larval forms 

 of one group or the other must be found. Such a larva, which seems 

 to him to fill in part tlie gap in our comparison of the larval Annelid 

 and the young Polyzoan, he has taken several times, and although at 

 present ignorant of the adult form which it attains, it seems of more than 



• Sec Nature, xxix. (188t) pp. 522-3 (1 fig.). 



t Amer. Natural., xviii. (1884) pp. 305-9 (4 figs.). 



3 N 2 



