ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 537 



pairs. These become septated, and some or all of the cells become 

 vesicular. Soon a number of these hyphae amalgamate into a dense 

 ball, the vesicular cells at the same time increasing in size. In this 

 way is formed a fructification, the interior of which is composed of the 

 spores, polyhedral cells with ultimately thick and brown walls, com- 

 paratively large and numerous (as many as 100). The filamentous 

 envelope of hyphae ultimately gelatinizes and disappears. The process 

 agrees in essential points with that in Soroaporiwn Saponarioz. The 

 resting-spores do not remain dormant through the winter, but germi- 

 nate late in the autumn of the same year on the host, each of the 

 spores germinating separately. The process corresponds to that in 

 Tilletia, each spore putting out a promycelium, which forms at its 

 apex a cluster of cylindrical-fusiforni sporidia in groups of from four 

 to eight. While they are being formed the protoplasm leaves the 

 basal part of the promycelium, and becomes separated by a septum 

 from the empty portion, the promycelium thus becoming bicellular. 

 The sporidia are abstricted from the terminal cell, which Woronin calls 

 the basidial cell, and compares with the basidium of the Basidiomy- 

 cetes. Unlike Tilletia, it becomes completely detached from the other 

 cells. Two sporidia frequently anastomose, a process which Woronin 

 regards as one of conjugation. One of the conjugating sporidia de- 

 velopes at its apex a secondary fusiform sporidium ; but this also takes 

 place in those which do not conjugate. They may even produce 

 tertiary sporidia. After the sporidia have become detached, the basal 

 cell, if still containing protoplasm, may put out a germinating tube. 

 The sporidia and conidia bear no resemblance to one another in form. 

 The sporidia are carried to the ground by rain or dew, and in this 

 form again reach the leaves or stem of the host, which they penetrate 

 with their mycelia. 



In the second section, the author describes the mode of germina- 

 tion of the spores of other species of Ustilaginete, which frequently 

 differs in minor points from that of Tuburcinia, viz.: — Sorosporium 

 Saponarice, Tolyposporium Junci, Thecaphora hyalina, Entyloma Ascher- 

 sonii, E. Magnusii, and Melanotcenium endogenum. 



In the third section these results are compared, and the group 

 classified according to the mode of germination, as follows : — 



I. No sporidia are formed in germination. 



a. The spores put out long and copiously septated germinating 

 filaments, which either are unbranched or the upper protoplasmic 

 cell puts out lateral irregularly distributed branches. The terminal 

 cell sometimes becomes detached, and carries on an independent 

 existence — Sorosporium. 



b. The growth of the germinating filaments is limited, and they 

 form a promycelium. They are septated, but instead of producing 

 sporidia, put out filaments, which usually grow in opposite directions, 

 and which conjugate at their apices, then developing the true germi- 

 nating filament — Thecaphora. 



II. The promycelium is septated into a number of cells, from each 

 of which is abstricted one or more sporidia: — Ustilago-Schizonella (S. 

 melogramma DC), Tolyposporium. 



