ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 617 



attention being drawn to it. A technical account is given of the 

 specific characters, but the author was unfortunately unable to draw 

 the creature while it was fresh ; the characteristic coloration dis- 

 disappears after preservation in alcohol. 



North American Crustacea.* — S. I. Smith has some notes on 

 the zoea-forms of Pinnixa, distinguishing a long-spined and a short- 

 spined series, and he describes the characters of the adult P. chcetop- 

 terana, and P. sayana. He directs attention to the occasional 

 occurrence of tropical and sub-tropical species of Decapod Crustacea 

 on the coast of New England, and summarizes the information that 

 has been collected regarding these forms. 



In giving an account of some genera of Amphipods, he says that 

 in several forms the excrement enters largely into the formation of 

 the tube. A species that was placed in a small trough with alga) 

 pulled towards each other a few slender branches of the alga ; theso 

 were fastened by threads of " cement spun from branch to branch by 

 the first and second pairs of perseopods." When the tube had nearly 

 attained its complete form it was still usually nothing but a trans- 

 parent network of cement threads, with here and there a small piece 

 of alga. Soon after this the animal began to work into it pellets 

 of excrement and bits of alga ; the former seized by the more 

 anterior appendages were broken into minute fragments and worked 

 through the web. This went on till the whole animal was protected 

 from view; the process of construction would seem to take about 

 half an hour. All the tubes are black externally, thin, and cylindrical ; 

 within they are lined by the cement ; they do not seem ever to be 

 attached, but to be carried about by the animal. 



New Copepoda.f — S. A. Forbes records new genera and new 

 species of Copepoda from Lake Michigan and pools in Illinois. 

 Osphranticum nov. gen. is similar to Diaptomus in general appear- 

 ance, but differs especially in the structure of the fifth pair of 

 legs of male and female. 0. labronectum is the single species. 

 Epischura nov. gen., in the general character of the legs both natatory 

 and clasping, stands near Heterocope of Sars, but is remarkably dis- 

 tinguished from all other Copepoda by the development of the 

 abdomen of the male as a prehensile organ, the second and third of 

 the five segments are produced on the right side as large and strong 

 processes which act against each other like forceps, while a toothed 

 plate on the fourth segment and a spatulate one on the fifth assist 

 to form a peculiar and powerful grasping apparatus. " A steel trap 

 attachment to the tail of an alligator would," the author says, '• very 

 well illustrate the vigorous embrace of the animal " (E. lacustris 

 nov. sp.). In addition, three new species of Diaptomus (D. sicilis, 

 D. leptopus, and D. stagnalis), and two new species of Cyclops (C. 

 ihomasi and C insectus) are described. 



In ten " bladders " of Utricularia vulgaris, taken at random, 93 

 animals, either entire or in recognizable fragments, were found, repre- 



* Trans. Conn. Acad., iv. (1S82) pp. 243-84 (1 pi ). 



t Aracr. Natural., xvi. (1882) pp. 537-42, 640-9 (2 pis.). 



