ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 665 



Development of Monocystid Gregarines.* — Herr G. Eusclihaupt 

 has been closely studying tlie Gregarine which is found in the testicles 

 of Lumbricus agricola ; the species of Gregarines found in earthworms 

 are Zi/gocystis cometa, Monocystis magna, M. cristata, M. porreda, M. 

 cuneiformis, M. agilis, and M. minuta, the characters of which are 

 described by the author. 



Encystation of solitary forms was very frequently observed, the 

 cuticle of the Gregarine forming the outer envelope of the cyst, 

 while the subcuticular sarcocyst formed a second inner envelope ; 

 M. porreda frequently, and M. cuneiformis sometimes complete their 

 development within the sperm-mother-cells of the Lumhricus. Obser- 

 vations made on M. magna showed that the sporoblasts were formed 

 in the neighbourhood of the nucleus, and afforded pro tanto evidence 

 against the formation of sporoblasts by budding at the periphery of 

 the cyst. Attention is directed to the presence of macrospores and 

 microspores within one and the same cyst ; the " restmasse " of the 

 spore or nucleus de relicat is seen to represent the true germ, and 

 may be compared to what is to be seen in the ova of more highly 

 differentiated animals. The author was on three occasions able to 

 observe the entrance of spores into the sperm-mother-cell ; within it 

 there occurred the following set of changes : the rapidity of these 

 changes were, it may be premised, dependent on the state of matura- 

 tion of the spore ; the spore filled its shell as a homogeneous and 

 clear mass of protoplasm which was inclosed by a quite fine envelope ; 

 changes began to be apparent in the shell itself, which were similar 

 to those observed in degenerating spores ; at last the contents were 

 naked. Later on these exhibited amoeboid movements of a highly 

 differentiated character. 



In conclusion the author discusses the connection between the 

 Gregarines and the generative products of the earthworm, the in- 

 fection of earthworms with Gregarines and the relations between these 

 parasites and coccidia. 



BOTANY. 



A. GENERAL, including the Anatomy and Physiolog'y 

 of the Phanerogamia. 



o. Anatomy. I 



Circulation and Rotation of Protoplasm as a means of Trans- 

 port of Food-material.t — Dr. 11. do Vries jjoints out tliat the pro- 

 cess of diffusion acts so slowly that it can be of no practical im- 

 portance in determining the transport of food-material from one part 



♦ Jenaisch. Zeitflclir. f. Naturwiss., xviii. (1885) pp. 713-50 (1 pi.). 



t This HuMiviHion contiiin.s (1) Cell-Htnicturo and I'rotoplisin (iiK^ludinj^ tlio 

 NiicleuH and Ci ll-division); (2) Other Cell-coritontH (iiioludinp tlie C('ll-Hap and 

 Chlorophyll); (3) Secretions; (J) Structure of TitiBUC«; and (5) Structure of 

 OrgauB. 



X Bot. Ztg,, xliii. (1885) pp. 1-6, 17-2C. 



