ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 675 



giving also a number of characters wliicli are common to the whole 

 order, in the foi'm and arrangement of the storaata, the structure of 

 the tissues, arrangement of the fibrovascular bundles, &c. 



Opening of the Anthers in Ericaceae.* — Mr, H. H. Eusby de- 

 scribes the position in which the pores are found through which the 

 pollen escapes from the anthers in this order, which differs materially 

 in the different genera. The basal position of the pores in some 

 genera, and their apical position in others, depends on variations in 

 the mode in which the filament is folded in the bud. The " horns " 

 attached to the anthers have an important function in determining 

 the direction in which the pollen is discharged. 



Anatomy of the Leaf in Vismiese.t — M. J. Vesque gives details 

 of the anatomical structure of the leaf in the four genera which make 

 up this tribe of Hypericaceas. They are characterized by the stomata 

 being accompanied by two parallel cells at the mouth, by stellate 

 hairs with conical or cylindrical rays, by rounded schizogenous 

 glands in the mesophyll, canaliform glands in the pericycle and 

 secondary liber, and by agglomerations of crystals. 



Reduced Organ in Campanula. J — Dr. E, Heinricher describes 

 a peculiar structure, hitherto unnoticed, in the epidermal cells, most 

 commonly of the upper surface of the leaf, of Campanula persicifolia. 

 They consist of protuberances of the cell-wall nearly in the middle of 

 the outer wall of the cells, often projecting considerably into the cell- 

 cavity ; corresponding to these were frequently also projections from 

 the outer surface of the cell-wall. This species has two distinctly 

 marked forms, hairy and glabrous; and the author regards these peculiar 

 structures as reduced trichomes. The application of reagents showed 

 that they do not consist of pure cellulose. They were observed in all 

 specimens examined of 6'. persicifolia, also in C. grandis and patula. 



Hypertrophy of the Bud-cones of the Carob.§— M. L. Savastano 

 describes an abnormal growth of the singular organs w^hich he terms 

 " bud-cones " in the carob-tree (Ceratonia siliqua) in the south of Italy. 

 Ordinary buds appear in the axil of a branch, and develope either 

 into a branch the following year or into one or two inflorescences 

 during the third year, which rarely bear fruit. At the same time is 

 formed the " bud-cone," which will put forth an annual succession of 

 inflorescences for fifteen or twenty years, after which its activity 

 ceases and it disappears. These bud-cones are subject to a disease 

 which causes them to swell to the size of a wen, producing each year 

 an unusual large number of inflorescences which, however, wither 

 without fruiting, and after a time cease to bo produced. These wens 

 are found to consist mainly of a uniform tissue of irregular cells of 



• Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xii. (188.'i) pp. 10-21 (13 figs.). [Tlio author uses 

 tho term "antheHiB" incorrectly for the Durating of the anther iustead of the 

 opening of the flower. — Ed.] 



t Gomptfts KcnduH, c. (1885) pp. 1089-92. 



X Ber. Deutsch. Bot. GcbcII., iii. (1885) pp. 4-13 (1 pi.). 



§ CoinpttB KenduH, c. (1885) pp. 131-i}. 



