ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 1017 



nuclear substance could be made out. The author's observations on 

 Orhitolites complanata were made before the publication of Dr. 

 Carpenter's recent work ; he met with great difficulties in his investi- 

 gations, but was able to detect in all the forms he examined a number 

 of small nuclei in the protoplasm ; by the aid of sections and staining 

 with haematoxylin or saffranin he saw that the nuclei were rounded 

 or oval, or occasionally elongated ; in structure they were plexiform 

 and the only difference between those of different sizes were that the 

 meshes were more numerous in those that were larger. No definite 

 evidence as to the presence of nucleoli was obtained. The peripheral 

 chambers were, as a rule, found to be best provided with nuclei. la 

 one of Biitschli's preparations of Lagena elegans a large number of 

 rounded bodies were found in the protoplasm, but he cannot definitely 

 assert that they were nuclei. 



A species of Textularia from Villefranche afforded evidence that 

 the primitively simple nucleus underwent multiplication. Spirillina 

 vivipara was observed in a living condition ; the protoplasm, like the 

 shell, was completely colourless, and contained a number of small 

 colourless highly refractive granules ; the protoplasm exhibited 

 evidence of a centrifugal and a centripetal stream ; there were a 

 number of nuclei, which were often elongated in form, and had more 

 or less highly coloured contents ; the nuclei were so exceedingly small 

 as to make it very difficult to get a clear idea as to their structure. 



The large and fine Rotaline Calcarina splengeri, from Kerguelen and 

 Fiji, contained only one nucleus, and that not especially large, though 

 generally easy to see ; it appears to gradually wander from the central 

 into the successively younger chambers, just as in forms already 

 studied ; it is oval in shape, and has a distinct plexiform basis ; the 

 central part may be seen to be formed of a much finer meshwork. 



With regard to the structure of the protoplasm in marine 

 Rhizopods, the author insists on its plexiform character ; although he 

 has not been able to examine their pseudopodia, yet in Actinosphserium 

 he has been able to see that, at any rate, the thicker proximal parts 

 of the pseudopodia exhibit a plexiform structure ; in the finer terminal 

 parts he sometimes distinctly saw a row of very small vacuoles in the 

 middle of a pseudopodium. 



Parasitic cells are to be found in the protoplasm, and in the 

 Orhitolites there were a number of small spherical structures, very 

 regularly distributed ; often, indeed, the proper protoplasm of a 

 chamber is quite pushed into the background. As his specimens 

 were preserved in alcohol, he cannot speak absolutely as to their 

 original colouring matter, but he has no doubt that it corresponds to 

 that of the so-called zooxanthellae. In a living Peneroplis he has 

 been able to observe a deep brownish-red coloration. The colouring 

 matter found in marine Khizopods is ordinarily converted into green 

 under the action of alcohol. 



New Condition of Reticular Rhizopods.* — M. de Folin has 

 noticed among the naked Rhizopods forms provided with ramified 



• Omptea Rendus, ci. (1885) pp. 327-8. 



