1052 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



virus, and that, though there is a longer time between inoculation 

 and death. 



3. When the foetus and placenta are unhealthy, there is a very much 

 more extensive passage of microbes than under healthy conditions. 



4. The author has made experiments to test the views of some 

 who object that the passage is a post-mortem effect, and he believes 

 that there is no basis for this objection. When the inoculation is 

 too strong the foetus nearly always dies; the foetus cannot be 

 completely vaccinated through its mother. 



M. Koubassoff has also examined * the passages of the microbes of 

 septicEemia, pig-cholera, and tuberculosis, and he comes to the con- 

 clusion that the bacilli of these maladies do pass from the mother 

 to the foetus. 



Passage of Microbes by means of Milk.f — M. Koubassoff also 

 finds that splenic fever, pig-cholera, and tubercular bacilli pass by the 

 milk of the mother ; that when they once appear in the milk they 

 remain till the end of lactation or the death of the female, but the 

 young are not infected. During foetal life poisoning is probably 

 effected by the direct communications between the vessels of the 

 mother and child in the placenta. 



Microbe of Typhoid Fever in Man.|— M. Tayon by experiments 

 made on himself, finds that subcutaneous inoculation of the typhic 

 microbe is not mortal, but he is unable to solve the question as to 

 whether an organism vs^hich has been subjected to two injections is 

 refractory to the typhic microbe. 



New Chromogenous Bacillus— B. luteus suis. § — Drs. D. E. 

 Salmon and T. Smith describe this non-pathogenic form which was 

 found in the pericardial and peritoneal fluids in swine killed for the 

 purpose of studying the swine fever. When grown in a meat 

 infusion, the liquid becomes pale straw colour, then orange with a 

 greenish tint, soon changing to a wine red. The pigment when 

 obtained pure is insoluble in alcohol or ether. An aqueous solution is 

 decolorized by adding an excess of strong nitric or hydrochloric acid, 

 but reappears on neutralizing with potassium hydrate or ammonia. 



Bacilli of Malaria. 1| — Herr v. Schlen found in the blood of a 

 malaria patient in an early stage of the fever, both in the red cor- 

 puscles and lying free in the blood among them, round blue granules 

 from ' 5 to 1 ^ in size, and ring-shaped bodies of about double this 

 size, with intermediate stages between them, but no bacilli. From 

 the blood of chronic malaria patients there was obtained by culture 

 on the third day a whitish bacterial growth consisting entirely of 

 micrococci about 1 /* in diameter. 



In the soil and water of malarial regions there were founds 

 besides various moulds and micrococci, the following three forms of 



• Comptes Kendus, ci. (1885) pp. 451-3. + Ibid., pp. 508-10. 



J Ibid., pp. 450-1. 



§ Science, vi. (1885) p. 226. (Proo. Sect, of Biology, Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci.) 

 II Fortschritte der Medicin, ii. (1884) pp. 585-91. See Bot. Centralbl., xxii. 

 (1885) p. 234. 



