ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MIOEOSCOPY, ETC. 621 



German Sphagnaceae.* — Herr E. Eussow contests the view of Eoll f 

 that the species of SjjJiagnum cannot be distinguished by any constant 

 characters, but pass insensibly one into another. Ho finds, on the con- 

 trary, the specific characters as well marked as in any other group of 

 plants. Herr Eussow includes in the section EuspJiagnum twenty-two 

 European species, which he classifies as follows: — (1) Acutifolia (S. 

 Jimbriatum Wils., GirgensoJinii Euss., Bussowii "Warnst., Warnstorfii Euss., 

 tenellum Kling., fuscum Kling., qumqiiefarium Warnst., suhnitens E. & W., 

 acutifolium Ehrh. ex parte) ; (2) Papillosa (squamosum Pers,, teres Angst., 

 Wuljianum Girg.) ; (3) Cuspidata {Lindbergii Schpr., riparium Angst., 

 cuspidatum Ehrh., molluscum Bruch.) ; (4) Subsegunda (cavifoUum 

 Warnst.); (5) Teunoata (molle Sulliv., rigidum Schpr., Angsfrcemii 

 Hartm.) ; (6) Cymbifolia (jpalustre L., Austini Sulliv.). Of these, S. 

 Warnstorfii is new. 



Lichenes. 



CIadonia.| — In his monograph of this genus of lichens, Herr E. 

 Wainio describes four species of the subgenus Cladina, two oi Pycnothelia, 

 and eighty-one of Cenomyce. In the diagnosis of the species he makes 

 use of characters drawn, from the form and size of the spermogonia, from 

 a red pigment, chrysophanic acid, which he found in several species 

 with brown and light apothecia, and from the presence or absence of 

 certain layers in the podetia. In each species the gonidia of the podetia 

 and of the thallus are described. 



The author takes the opportunity of correcting Krabbe's description 

 of C. papillaria,^ who states that only pseudopodetia occur on it, whereas 

 it possesses true podetia. 



Sydow's Lichens of Germany. || — Herr P. Sydow publishes a mono- 

 graph of the Lichens of Germany, amounting to 1065 species. The 

 classification adopted is founded on that of Massalongo and Korber. 

 After an introduction on the morphological and anatomical characters of 

 the group, follow directions for the collection and preparation of lichens, 

 a guide to the literature, a clavis for the determination of the families, 

 and a description of eacla species. 



Algae. 



Apical Cell of Fucus.lT — Mr. W. M. Woodworth has made a careful 

 study of the structure of the growing point in Fucus, and is unable to 

 confirm the statements of Eeinke and Eostafinski as to the existence of a 

 group of initial cells. The species chiefly examined is F, furcatus of the 

 New England coast. 



The author finds the apex of the frond to be here frequently occupied 

 by a slit-like depression of considerable depth. Sections in different 

 directions through the growing point show that at the base of this 

 terminal depression there is always one cell considerably larger than all 

 the rest ; on either side of this apical cell is a series of cells that become 



* Eussow, E., ' Ber. iib. d. . . . einheimischen Torfmoosen,' 1887, 23 pp. See Bot. 

 Centralbl., xxxiv. (1888) p. 103. t 8ee this Journal, 1886, p. 108. 



J Wainio, E., ' Monogr. Cladoniarum univ. Pars prima,' 509 pp., Helsingfors, 

 1887. § See this Journal, 1882, p. 388. 



II Sydow, P., ' Die Flecliten Deutschlands,' 831 pp. and numerous Jigs., Berlin, 

 1887. 1 Ann. of Bot., i. (1888) pp. 203-11 (1 pi.). 



