ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 823 



Nbumayer, G. — Anleitung zu wissenschaftlichen Beobachtungen auf Eeisen. 



(Guide to scientific observations in travelling.) Contains Fritsch, G., Praktische 

 Gesichtspunkte fiir die Verwendung zweier dem Eeisenden -wichtigen techni- 

 sclien Hiilfsmittel : Das Mikroskop und der photographische Apparat. (Practical 

 suggestions for the use of two of the traveller's important technical aids : the 

 Microscope and the photographic apparatus, pp. 512-612, 8 figs.) 



2nd ed., 2 vols. 8vo, Berlin, 1888, 

 E u T L E Y, F. — ^Rock-forming Minerals. 



[Contains chapters on (1) Apparatus, Methods of Preparation, Examination, 

 &c., (2) Propagation of Light, Eeflection, Eefraction, Double Eefraction, 

 Optic Axes, &c., (3) Polarization of Light, (4) Axes of Optical Elasticity, 

 Examination in Polarized Light, (5) Wave Surfaces, (6) Bisectrices and 

 Optic Normal, (7) Examination in Convergent Polarized Light, (8) Pleo- 

 chroism.] iv. and 252 pp., 126 figs., 8vo, London, 1888. 



Verekeb, J. G. P. — [On the Choice of a Microscope.] 



Scientif. Enquirer, III. (1888) pp. 152-4. 



Wiesbaden, Katalog zur wissenschaftlichen Ausstellung der 60. Versammlung 



deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte zu. (Catalogue of the Scientific Exhibition of 



the 60th Meeting of German Naturalists and Physicians at Wiesbaden.) Edited 



by L. Dreyfus. 



ix. and 224 pp., 8vo, Wiesbaden, 1887. 



Cf. also Zeitschr. f. InstrumenfenL, YII. (1887) pp. 428-9. 



Zeitschr.f. Wiss. Mikr., IV. (1887) pp. 303-25 (1 fig.). 



j8. Technique.* 

 CD Collecting Objects, inclTiding: Culture Processes. 



Cultivation of Schizomycetes in Coloured Nutritive Media.f — ^Herr 

 Bircli-Hirsclifeld found three years ago that the comma bacilli of 

 cholera not only retained their lively movements in stained bouillon, 

 but multiplied in a manner similar to what they do in unstained hang- 

 ing droj)s. It was afterwards found that other kinds of bacteria, both 

 mobile and immobile varieties, behaved in a similar manner, and this 

 method of staining Schizomycetes was then used by the author for 

 demonstration purposes. Besides fuchsin, other anilin pigments were 

 employed (dahlia, Victoria blue, &c.) For the observation of fission 

 fungi in hanging drops, this method offers decided advantages, as the 

 small and motile forms are more easily found and focused, and the 

 morphological characters of the bacteria are also rendered more evident 

 by the staining of their protoplasm. 



The author remarks that bacteriological literature scarcely notices 

 the relation of living bacteria towards anilin pigments, and seems to 

 think that such a method might afford information about the morpho- 

 logical changes bacteria undergo in their development and multiplica- 

 tion, and that inoculation experiments with living stained pathogenic 

 bacteria might help to decide certain questions anent the localization 

 and spread of germs imported into the organism. With regard to these 

 points, it may be mentioned that anthrax bacilli deeply stained with 

 diamond-fuchsin or victoria-blue, and grown on gelatin, retain their 

 virulence quite unchanged. 



For observing the morphological changes connected with growth 



* This subdivision contains (1) Collecting Objects, including Culture Pro- 

 cesses ; (2) Preparing Objects ; (3) Cutting, including Imbedding and Microtomes ; 

 (4) Staining and Injecting; (5) Mounting, including slides, preservative fluids, &c.; 

 (6) Miscellaneous. 



t Arch. f. Hygeine, vii. pp. 341-53. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., iii. 

 (1888) pp. 447-9. 



3 K 2 



