ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICKOSCOPY, ETC. 393 



Glandular Cells of Stomach.* — M. A. Pilliet has made a comparative 

 histological study of the morphology and evolution of the glaudular cells 

 of the stomach. 



The first type of principal cell may be described as prismatic, 

 and is found in the first portion of the tubes. The nucleus is at the 

 base of the cell, the network is variable, the general appearance is 

 opaque, but also variable. The second or cubical type is represented by 

 two forms, (a) by cubical cells in the second portion of the glands, with 

 well-defined network, more or less developed, the appearance more or 

 less opaque, the nucleus in the centre of the cell, and (o) by cubical or 

 polyhedral cells in the same situation, with much restricted network, 

 with a clear appearance, and with a mucous development in the inter- 

 jacent plasma (" infiltrat "). This last is known as Heidenbain's stage. 



The limiting cells are really identical with the principal. Two 

 phases may be distinguished, (1) Nixssbaum's stage, where the cells 

 are round, refractive, and granular, with the nucleus proliferating, with 

 possible mucous development ; (2) the state of coagulation where the 

 round cells are homogeneous, refractive, and with atrophied nucleus. 



The evolution of a glandular cell of the stomach is comparable 

 to that of any other epithelial cell, either ecto- or endodermic. The 

 principal prismatic cell, like the other cells of the intestine, is trans- 

 formed into a cubical cell more or less globular. At a further stage 

 the cell becomes laden with large granules, begins to undergo coagula- 

 tion, and passes into the homogeneous phase. The limiting cell (" cellule 

 bordante ") which results, is characterized by the development of the 

 albuminoid network and by the accomplishment of coagulation and 

 infiltration. The latter, is due especially to the ternary compounds of 

 metabolism, and developes in proportion to the vital activity of the 

 albuminoid network. The elements become tumid and globular. 

 Coagulation becomes complete, the cell falls into the stomach cavity, 

 and undergoes disintegration. The same process occurs throughout. 

 The evolution must be described as in part mucous and in part coagu- 

 latory. Either type may occur on to an advanced stage. Besearch 

 must establish the chemical differences in the inter-reticular cytoplasm 

 or enchylema, and on this fundamental point some classic investigations 

 have already been made. 



Division and Metamorphosis of Wandering Cells. - ) - — Dr. J. Arnold 

 has made a detailed study of the processes of division in wandering 

 cells, and of their progressive and retrogressive metamorphosis. On 

 this subject satisfactory information has long been wanted. Following 

 Eanvier, Arnold utilized plates of elder-pith on which to observe the 

 cellular changes. The experiments and observations on living cells were 

 controlled by the study of preserved phases. 



A. (1) Both on living and preserved specimens it was seen that the 

 wandering cells could divide by a process of fragmentation. (2) This is 

 associated with changes in the form of the nucleus, conditioned by active 

 movements, and probably also with changes in the form of the cells them- 

 selves. (3) Before, during, and after division, the content of chromatic 

 filaments is very frequently increased. The diffuse staining, especially 

 of the polymorphic nuclei, represents both a state of contraction in the 



* Journ. Anat. et Physiol. (Robin), sxiii. (18S7) pp. 463-97 (1 pi.). 

 t Arch. f. Mihr. Anat., sxx. (1887) pp. 205-310 (5 pis.). 



