ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 419 



musculature, enteric canal, central nervous system, sensory organs, 

 parapodia, respiratory organs, nephridia, generative organs, ccelom, and 

 hsemolyniph. The second portion is morphological and comparative. 

 Among the cuticular structures which are discussed are the segmental 

 spinning glands of Polyodontes, the hairs of Aplirodita aculeata, the 

 glandular pouches of Polydora and Spio bomhyx, the tubular glands of 

 Ovoenia filiformis, the coiled tubes of the Nereidaa, Sphserodorum and 

 Phyllodoce, the secretions of Typhloscolex, and of the hypodermal cells 

 of Phyllocheetopterus and Banzania. Comparisons are then instituted 

 with the skeleton of horny sponges, the stinging organs of Ccelenterates, 

 the Cuvierian organs of Holothurians (which much resemble the secre- 

 tion of Polyodontes), and the cuticular organs of worms other than 

 Annelids. In the Artbropodan phylum the spinning glands of Anne- 

 lids appear to have as homologues the spinning and crural glands of 

 Peripatus, the spinning and coxal glands of Myriopods, the coxal glands 

 of Thysanura, and the spinning (and ? coxal) glands of Insects, and the 

 same glands in Arachnids. The nephridia of Annelids have as homo- 

 logues the salivary glands and genital ducts, and in some cases perhaps 

 also glands of offence. The cuticular structures of Molluscs and Verte- 

 brates are next considered. The other systems of organs are dealt 

 with in a similar, though not always so comprehensive a manner. 



The third section of the monograph deals with physiological ques- 

 tions. Among those discussed are the pigments of the gastric region of 

 the enteron in Capitella, which are shown to be free from bile-pigments 

 and acids ; the mode of ingestion of carmine and the absence of intra- 

 cellular digestion ; the respiratory action of the enteric appendage. 

 The view that the neurochord is a supporting organ for the ventral cord 

 is accepted. Some additions are made to the author's already published 

 observations on the lateral and goblet-shaped organs. The chemical 

 properties of the blood, and of the excretory vesicles and concretions 

 found in the nephridia are discussed. The mode of excretion of carmine 

 is described, and evidence is given of the excretory activity of systems 

 of organs other than the nephridia. The significance of pigment from 

 various points of view is fully considered. 



The concluding chapter is systematic and faunistic, and concludes 

 with some phylogenetic observations, the chief outcome of which is that 

 Annelids should not be divided into Oligochaeta and Polychreta, but 

 that the former should merely be regarded as a family of Annelids. 



The wide range of this work will be evident from this short notice, 

 and its importance will doubtless be great. 



Homology of Segmental Organs and Efferent Ducts of Genital 

 Products in Oligochaeta.* — Dr. 0. Lehmann is of opinion that in the 

 earthworm there are two germ-epithelia for the mother-cells of the 

 spermatozoa, one the small bodies called testes by Hering, and the 

 other the so-called sperm-reservoirs or testes of D'Ukedem. The 

 mother-cells of the former continue their development in the median 

 seminal reservoirs in such Lumbricidae as are provided with them and in 

 others, e. g. Alloloboplwra, freely in the coelom. The efferent ducts of 

 the male products are the vasa deferentia, each of which commences 

 by a large, folded infundibulum. In the species which are provided 

 with a median seminal capsule (or sperm-reservoir), the funnel is in- 



* Jenaisch. Zeitschr. f. Nutunviss., xiv. (1887) pp. 322-GO (1 pi.). 



2 G 2 



