54 SUMMARY OF CURREKT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



setae. Tlie rudimentary maxillfe are divided into an internal masticatory 

 lobe, and an external palpiform lobe. The paragnatbs are well developed 

 and cover the mandibles. The maxillipeds are well developed, and the 

 internal furnish important sexual differences. The thoracic appendages 

 are biramose. 



The new genera are Giardella (G. calUanassse), which is very 

 abundant in the galleries of Callianassa suhterranea, and Hersiliodes 

 with three species ; H. Pelseneeri was found in the tube of a Clymenid, 

 H. Thomsoni, on the abdominal appendages of Callianassa, and the 

 Cyclops Piiffini of J. C. Thomson, found at Puffin Island. 



Two new Copepods parasitic on Echinoderms.* — Dr. A. EosoU 



gives descriptions of two new Copepods living parasitically on Antedon 

 (or, as he calls it, Comatula mediterranea), and on Asterias glacialis ; 

 both appear to be rare, as each has only been seen once. The parasite 

 of the former is called Ascomyzon Comatulse ; the female was 1 mm. 

 long and 1/2 mm. broad. For the second a new genus Astericola is 

 established, and the species is called A. Clausii ; the inner branch of the 

 fourth pair of feet is three-jointed and not two-jointed, as in Doridicola 

 and Stellicola, and the bead and thorax are fused, whereas in the allied 

 LicTiomolgus they are separate. The anterior antenna has, moreover, 

 eight instead of six or seven joints. 



New Parasite of Amphiura.t — Under this title Mr. J. Walter Fewkes 

 gives a brief account of a Copepod, which he does not name ; it makes 

 its way into the brood-sacs of Amphiura, which it spays, the ovary being 

 rendered amorphous ; the Copepod leaves packets of ova, the develop- 

 ment of which is assured when the possibility of offspring in Amphiura 

 Las been destroyed ; well-formed Nauplii were observed in the sac. 



Amcebocytes of Crustacea.| — Dr. G. Cattaneo describes the amoeboid 

 cells in the blood of Astacus fluviatilis. (1) There are two principal 

 forms — granular and hyaline. These are two stages of the same 

 elements. (2) The granular cells are the more perfect and are 

 functional ; the hyaline cells are retrogressive. (3) The protoplasmic 

 spherules within the heart and pericardium are simply the debris of the 

 vascular elements. They do not pass again into the general circulation, 

 but are found in the hepatic arteries, and in the tissue of the yellow 

 glands undergoing adipose degeneration. (4) The function of the 

 amcBboid cells has no relation to hsematosis, which is effected by the 

 hsemocyanin and tetronerythrin dissolved in the blood-plasma. They 

 serve rather, by means of the ferment represented by the refractive 

 granules, to convert into albumin capable of assimilation, the peptones 

 and a portion of the detritus. Their action as phagocytes was also 

 observed. (5) The variations of the amoeboid cells in diverse media and 

 under reagents are described. An excess of water in the blood favours 

 deformation and expansion of pseudopodia. Lowered temperature to 0° 

 brings about plasmodia. Heightened temperature to 70° makes the cells 

 diffluent. 



* SB. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, scvii. (1888) pp. 181-202 (2 pis.), ■ 



t Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xxiv. (1888) pp. 31-3. 



X Arch. Ital. Biol., x. (1888) pp. 266-72. Cf. this Journal, 1888, p. 949. 



