ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 67 



It is pointed out that the Indo-Pacific littoral fauna is essentially a 

 fauna of coral reefs, and that the southern extremity of Africa does not 

 belong to it, A list is given of the species of Ophiurids known to 

 inhabit this region, which contains 132 names, or about 40 per cent, of 

 the known littoral fauna of Ophiurids. 



Holothurians of Indian Archipelago.*— Prof. H. Ludwig has a 

 report on the forty-one species of Holothurians collected by Dr. Brock 

 in the Indian Archipelago ; of these five, Holothuria sluiteri, H. pijxoides, 

 H. oUvacea, Phyllophorus brocM, Ghirodota amboinensis, are new. 



New EcMnoconid.t — Prof. S. Loven gives a full account of the form 

 which, some years ago, he called Pygaster relictus. The single dried 

 specimen is very small, being only 3-5 mm. long and 3-41 mm. broad ; 

 the calycinal system is, unfortunately, lost. It agrees with Pygaster, 

 Pileus, and Holectypus in having the auricles of each ambulacrum 

 directed longitudinally in relation to the ambulacrum, and separate. 

 There is, as the author shows, a somewhat different arrangement in 

 Discoidea and Gahrites. Prof. Loven does not think that the specimen, 

 though small, is young, for the test is rather thick, and the tubercles, 

 the epistromal protuberances, and the depressed ambulacra are adult 

 rather than young characters. It may be called Pygastrides relictus, 

 and be defined thus : the periproct is dorsal and posterior, the ambu- 

 lacral plates are all simple, the first wide with single pores, the auricles 

 longitudinal and separate ; the zones of pores are simple and straight. 

 Sphseridia single. Interradial plates of peristome single, wide. The 

 tubercles perforated, crenulate, the primary rather large. Epistrome 

 luxuriant. It was taken near the Virgin Islands, at a depth of from 

 200 to 300 fathoms. 



Coelenterata. 



Coelenterata of the Southern Seas.J — In his seventh communication 

 under this title. Dr. E, von Lendenfeld deals with the Ehizostomata. 

 He regards these jelly-fish as representing a suborder of the Scypho- 

 medusae, distinguished by the absence of tentacles, and the peculiar 

 development of the mouth-arms ; he attaches less importance than do 

 most authors to the absence of an oral orifice, for not only have young 

 Ehizostomata a mouth, but in his genus PseudorMza the mouth is 

 retained throughout life. To the eight families recognized by Claus he 

 adds a ninth, that of the Chaunostomid^e, and he somewhat modifies the 

 characters of the Lychnorhizidse with which he places Phyllorhka. 

 The distribution of the twelve species found in Australian wat rs is, 

 curiously enough, very restricted. The cause of the separation of the 

 species is to be found in the currents, of which an account is given. Of 

 the seventy-one known species of the suborder, forty-two are found in 

 the southern hemisphere. 



PseudorMza aurosa, which is found in Port Phillip, is 500 mm. in 

 height, and the disc is 350 mm. in transverse diameter. The arms are 

 S-shaped, and have attached to their sides pinnate cylindrical branches 

 about 50 mm. long. The whole arm has the appearance of a much 

 branched groove open below, with a serriform contour to its edges. On 



* Zool. Jabrb., iii. (1888) pp. 805-20 (1 pL). 



t Bihang. Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., xiii. (1888) No. 10, 16 pp. (2 pis.") 



t Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., xlii. (1888) pp. 200-324 (10 pis.). 



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