ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 211 



homologue of the sliell-glaud of the Entomostraca. The poison-gland 

 of Galeodes is an allied and perhaps a homodynamous organ. 



Brain of Araneida.* — M. G. Saiut-Eemy has been investigating the 

 brain of dipneumonous Araneida. It is on the same plan as that of 

 the Phalangida and Scorpionida ; it is most complicated in the Citigrada, 

 the appearances in Lycosa narhonensis and Cardosa sacrata being de- 

 scribed. The greatest modifications are seen in the inferior lobule; 

 this portion undergoes considerable reduction in the Orbitelaria, and 

 more so in Epeira diadema than in E. sericea. In the Tubitelaria the 

 inferior medullary masses have disappeared, and the fibrillar layers are 

 directly attached to the lateral lobes. In Tegenaria the medullary layer 

 is formed of three layers of nerve-tubes ; in Drassus it is formed of a 

 compact mass of tubes ; in Segestria it is less distinct, and the commissure 

 of the masses is a mere thread. In the Eetitelaria [Pholcus) the inferior 

 and superior lobules are separated, and the medullary layers are simple 

 dotted masses, with a reticular structure. In the Saltigrada (Eresus) the 

 inferior lobules are large and separate. 



Anatomy of Pseudoscorpions.f — Herr A. Croneberg gives an account 

 of his investigations into the structure of the so-called Pseudoscorpions. 

 The characters of Chernes and Chelifer show that they have no close 

 relationship to the Scorpions. The respiration by means of tracheae, 

 the concentration of the nervous system, and the position of the generative 

 orifices remove the Chernetidae from the Scorpions ; the peculiarities 

 of their development point to the great age of this group, some of the 

 characters of which, such as the complete segmentation of the body, 

 the relative development of the rostrum, and the transverse musculature 

 of the abdomen, may have been retained to the present day. The 

 Pseudoscorpions may be more nearly allied to the simpler forms of 

 Opilionida, such as the Sironoids, but are separated from them by the 

 important relation of the first two pairs of legs to the mouth. Gihhocellum, 

 as Thorell has rightly insisted, must be separated from the Sironoids and 

 placed with the Pseudoscorpions ; for it has only a superficial resem- 

 blance to the former. Much remains to be done before the affinities of 

 the various groups of Arachnids can be satisfactorily determined. 



Marine Acarina of Wimereux.J — M. E. L. Trouessart gives an 

 account of a small collection of marine Acarina made at Wimereux by 

 Prof. Giard. He has found a number of the species described from the 

 English coast by Gosse and Hodge and Brady, as well as several new 

 forms. There is a perfectly typical Gamasus which he calls G. Giardi ; 

 Eupalus sanguineus sp. n. was found with E. Giardi on Balaniis bala- 

 noides, on which also lives Ehyncolophus rubipes sp. n. Six sijecies of 

 Halacaridee were found, and of these there are two new genera. Copido- 

 gnathus (G. glyptoderma) has the chelicerse swollen and free from their 

 base, and there is no trace of the unpaired eye ; Leptosalis longipes 

 g. et sp. n. was found in Mussels ; its palpi have the last joint bifid, and 

 so form a small cheliform forceps, the lower lip is prolonged into the 

 form of a spatula, and so gives rise to a groove, in which the mandibles 

 move ; these last are intermediate in form between those of Copidognathus 

 and those of Halacarus. 



* Comptes Rendus, cvii. (1888) pp. 926-9. 



t Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 1888, pp. 416-61 (3 pis.). 



j Comptes Eendus, cvii. (1888) pp. 75^-5. 



