ZOOLOaY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 215 



Crustacea, as well as some contributions by other investigators. The 

 author refers to some of the results of his papers which it would have 

 been well that Sars had known of. 



Cladocera of Hungary.* — Dr. E. D. de Dees has produced a mono- 

 graph of the Crustacea Cladocera of Hungary, of which, unfortunately, 

 the diagnoses of the genera and species are alone in Latin. About a 

 hundred species are described, a few of which are new, but there are no 

 new genera ; the comparative tables of distribution will be the part of 

 the work most accessible to the majoi-ity of English readers. 



Calanida of Finlaiid.| — Herr O. Nordquist, who has been working 

 at the Copepoda of Finland, has published a monograph on the Calanida. 

 Nearly all the forms are represented in the North Sea, and the Baltic 

 specimens are more or less reduced in size somewhat in proportion to 

 the diminution of the amount of salt in the water. Twelve species in 

 all are described, among which Temosella affinis has two new varieties — • 

 Jiirundoides and Msjoida. The only Finland species not found in the 

 North Sea is Linnocalanus macrurus ; this must be assumed to have 

 been produced in the Baltic or in the lakes, or to be a remnant of an 

 Arctic fauna. The former view is negatived by the fact that this species 

 is also found in the lakes of North America. The ova of this species 

 are not carried about by the female, but sink to the bottom after 

 extrusion, and we may, therefore, safely regard it as a relic. 



Morphology of Cyclops J — Prof. M. M. Hartog gives a full ana- 

 tomical description of Cyclops. The Copepoda may be regarded as 

 very primitive forms among the Crustacea on account of (1) the plasticity 

 of the eye, derivable from the triune inverted eye of the Nauplius, and 

 of the absence of eyes of the paired compound type which may 

 be termed the phyllopod eye ; (2) the condition of the appendages, the 

 antennules being always uniramous or retaining the primitive larval 

 condition, the mandibles being sometimes biramous, and the first pair of 

 maxillsB being most plastic ; (3) the pleura are feebly developed, and 

 never encircle the body ; (4) the absence of gills, and the respiratory 

 function of the anus ; (5) the plasticity of the forepart of the alimentary 

 canal ; (6) the circulation and (7) the general form of the body. After 

 making some critical and general remarks on these characters, the author 

 gives a phylogenetic table in which the Copepoda Natantia occupy 

 the lowest place. If in any Crustacean we are to seek a common 

 relative to the Tracheata, and especially to the Arachnida, it must be 

 among the Copepoda that we have to look. 



Vermes. 

 a, Annelida. 



Pericardial Gland of Annelids.§ — Prof. C. Grobben gives a more 

 detailed account of his views on the pericardial gland of Chsetopods, 

 along with some notes on the perienteric fluid. The general tenor of 

 his conclusions has already been reported. |j The pericardial gland 



* ' Crustacea Cladocera Faunse Hungaricse,' 4to, Budapest, 1888, 128 pp. (4 pis.), 

 t 'Die Calauiden Finlands,' 8vo [2 plates stated to be 4to] 1888. See Ann. and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., iii. (1889) pp. 62-4. 



X Trans. I.inn. Soc. Lond., v. (1888) pp. 1-46 (4 pis.). 

 § SB. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xcvii. (1888) pp. 250-63. 

 II See this Journal, 1887, p. 939. 



