ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 225 



vermiculans tbe author has found a structure which he takes to be a 

 salivary gland. 



Of the free worms on which there are notes Borylamius Langii is a 

 new species, found at Jena, of which the male is alone known. 

 Tijlenchus gracilis is a new^ species from Jena, whence, also, comes 

 Spilophora impatiens sp. n. ; this last is closely allied to Chromadora 

 Leuckarti, but differs from it in the structure of the cuticle, the rings of 

 the skin consisting of elongated corpuscles, the nature of which it is 

 hard to explain. 



Cellular Epidermis of Nematodes.* — M. A. Michel, doubting the 

 truth of the statement that the hypodermis of Nematodes is formed of a 

 continuous protoplasm with scattered nuclei, has made an examination of 

 the integument of Gordius. In the greater part of the body the sub- 

 cuticular layer has a single layer of flat cells, with sinuous contours, 

 which are arranged like the endothelial elements of the lymphatic 

 cajDillaries of Vertebrates. Near the extremities of the animal 

 the cells become cylindrical. The cuticle of Nematodes does not, 

 then, consist of an epidermis and dermis, but of a membrane external 

 to the elements of the cellular layer, and this membrane is of more 

 than ordinary thickness. The subcuticular cellular layer is not a 

 hypodermis, but an epidermis, and the dermis, as in most Invertebrates, 

 becomes part of the muscular layer. There is no reason to suppose that 

 there is any peripheral nervous system in this epidermis. 



Red Colouring Matter of Eustrongylus gigas.f — Dr. V. Aduceo 

 has made an elaborate physiological study of the nature of the red 

 colouring substance in the hgemolymph and body-wall of Eustrongylus 

 gigas. Specific, gravity, coagulability, result of boiling, effects of 

 reagents, pressure, &c., spectroscopic characters and the like were 

 studied in great detail. 



The general conclusion of the author is as follows : — The animal 

 " has in its hsemolymph and in its cuticle a red colouring substance, 

 which is very similar to the oxyhsemoglobin of the blood of verte- 

 brates, but differs from it in the temperature at which it coagulates, and 

 in its greater resistance to reagents and in a special way to pressure, 

 acetic acid, and reducing agents." 



New Species of Gordius4 — Di"- L- Camerano describes a new species 

 of Gordius {G. feae), found in Irawaddy by Sig. L. Fea. The species is 

 easily distinguished by the structure of the cuticle which presents 

 irregularly scattered areolge, and by the co-existence of a post-cloacal 

 lamina and the areolae. 



y. Platyhelminthes. 



Tapeworms with Perforated Joiiits.§ — Dr. H. Blanc has investi- 

 gated the nature and origin of the perforated joints which are occasionally 

 exhibited by Tasnia and Bothriocephalus. His cases are of T, saginata and 

 B. latus, the latter from a set of ninety which were voided at one time ! 

 The anomaly ajffects isolated proglottides, or a group, or a long series ; 

 the form of the perforation is bi'oad in Tsenia, long in Bothriocephalus ; 



* Comptes Eendus, cvii. (1888) pp. 1175-7. 



t Atti E. Accad. Lincei— (Eend.), iv. (1888) pp. 187-94, 213-20. 

 X Ann. Mils. Nat. Geneva, vi. (2) (1888) pp. 168-70 (2 figs.). 

 § Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., xxiv. (1888) pp. 9-16 (1 pJ.). 



