ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 245 



(Genista sagittalis^ ; (3) where the leaves are suppressed (Acacia alata). 

 The object of ridges and wings on the stems is to assist in assimilation, 

 that of those on fruits and seeds to aid in dissemination. 



Bud of the Tulip-tree.* — M. H. Emery criticizes Sir J. Lubbock's 

 explanation | of the singular truncation presented by the extremities of 

 certain leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera, viz. that the extremities of the 

 leaves are hindered in their development by the formation of stipules, 

 and cannot elongate as is usually the case. This the author doubts on 

 two grounds ; firstly, because the obstacle does not exist in the bud, and 

 secondly, if it did exist, only the growth of the lamina would be affected. 

 The author then traces the development of the bud, which he states 

 grows for three years. 



Foliar Organs of a new species of Utricnlaria.ij: — Mr. H, N. Eidley 

 describes certain spathulate leaf-like bodies belonging to a small epi- 

 phytic species of TJtricularia, from St. Thomas's Island, West Africa. 

 They were narrow and filiform at the base, broadening into a lamina 

 about 1/16 in, in diameter, and apparently had been green in colour, 

 with three veins. Further examination showed that every stage occurred 

 between the filiform process, frequently branched and bearing numerous 

 utricles, and the flattened leaf-like lamina. A similar modification was 

 figured by Oliver in TJtricularia Jamesoniana, a small epiphytic species 

 from the Andes, and apparently allied to the one described here. The 

 author concludes by giving a technical description of this new species, to 

 which he has given the name of U. bryophila, and by stating that in the 

 epiphytic species of TJtricularia, at least, these leaf-like bodies are 

 dilated phylloclades. 



Polymorphism of the Leaves of Abietine8e.§ — M. A. Daguillon 

 points out that in many species of pines two forms of leaves occur : the 

 primordial form, succeeded by a more defined form. The primordial 

 form of leaf immediately succeeds the cotyledons, and remains for the 

 first year or two, while the adult leaves are fascicled, and occur in 

 bundles of two, three, or five, according to the species. The author's 

 conclusions are that in the Abietinefe the existence of primordial leaves 

 is tolerably constant. The passage from the primordial leaves to those 

 of the adult is made either suddenly, in the genus Pinus, or by insen- 

 sible gradations, in Abies, This passage is characterized by the pro- 

 gressive development of hypoderin and sclerenchyme next to the fibro- 

 vascular system, and in certain genera by the formation of the central 

 vein in two bundles, with a common endoderra. 



Leaves of Begonia. [j — Herr G. Haberlandt describes the peculiar 

 emergences on the leaves of Begonia smaragdina [B. imperialis Lem. 

 P smaragdina). On the upper side of the lamina are a number of 

 hollow conical projections, each of which is prolonged at the apex into a 

 curved hair ; and corresponding to each of these there is on the under 

 side a funnel-shaped depression. The veins and leaf-stalk are furnished 

 with similar hairs. The epiderm of the leaf is continuous with that of 

 the elevation and of the hair, the extremity of which is frequently 

 occupied by strongly refringent cells containing tannin. These hairs 



* Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxv. (1888) pp. 327-9. 



t Cf. this Journal, 1887, p. 112. % Ann. of Bot., li. (1888) pp. .305-7 (1 pi.). 



§ Comptes Rendus, cviii. (1889) pp. 108-10. 



11 MT. Nat. Verein. Steiermark, (1887) 1888, pp. 117-26 (1 pi.) 



