262 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



that the Entomophthorese might very well be used in the destruction of 

 noxious insects. 



Olpidiella, a new genus of Chytridiacese.* — Herr G. Lagerheim 

 describes a new Chytridiacea found on the uredospores of a Uredo 

 parasitic on the glumes of Aira csespitosa, which he regards as the type 

 of a new genus, Olpidiella, nearly allied to Olpidium, with the specific 

 name 0. Uredinis, The wall of the zoosporange is covered with 

 minute elevations, and opens by a pore to allow of the emission of the 

 evacuating canal by which the zoospores escape, and the escape of the 

 zoospores is very easy to follow under the Microscope. The normal 

 zoospores are uniciliated, the cilium being fixed to the posterior extremity ; 

 no conjugation of zoospores was observed. There are in addition larger 

 multiciliated zoospores. In the same genus Herr Lagerheim proposes 

 to include Olpidium endogena A. Br., Chytridium decipiens A. Br., and 

 Chytridium luxurians Toni (^Olpidium Diplochytrium Schroet.). 



The author gives the following diagnoses of the genera which make 

 np the family Olpidiacese : — (1) Sphserita Dang. ; zoospores with a single 

 anterior greatly curved cilium ; the wall of the zoosporange opens to 

 allow the escape of the zoospores, and subsequently deliquesces. 

 (2) Olpidium A. Br. ; zoospores with a single straight anterior cilium ; 

 zoosporanges opening by a pore or neck. (3) Olpidiella n. gen. ; 

 zoosporse cilio singulo recto posteriore prseditae ; zoosporangium orificio 

 singulo. (4) Plseotrachelus Zopf; zoospores with a single posterior 

 cilium, zoosporanges globular, opening by several necks. (5) Ectrogella 

 Zopf; zoospores with a single straight cilium; zoosporanges vermiform, 

 opening by several necks. (6) Olpidiopsis Fisch. ; zoospores biciliated ; 

 zoosporanges opening by a neck. 



Origin and Development of the Apotheces of Lichens-t — The 

 general conclusions arrived at by Herr G. Lindau from observations of 

 the development of the apothece in a large number of Fungi are that the 

 ascogenous system and the enveloping system are distinct, and that the 

 course of development of this organ corresponds in all cases closely to 

 that in the Collemaceae. 



Taking Anaptychia ciliaris as a typical example, the apotheces are 

 formed in the gonidial zone as club-shaped cells originating either 

 laterally or terminally on hyphse which are distinguished from the vegeta- 

 tive hyphge by their strongly refractive contents which are coloured dark 

 brown by chlor-zinc-iodide. These are very numerous, but only a few 

 of them develope into ascogones. The ascogones are spirally or 

 irregularly coiled hyphee, surrounded by paraphyses, and by large 

 numbers of gonids. Each ascogone terminates in a trichogyne which 

 can only be distinguished from the cortical hyphae by the colouring of 

 its contents by chlor-zinc-iodide. The actual entrance of the pollinoids 

 (spermatia) into the trichogyne was not observed. It is only after the 

 dying off of the trichogyne that an " excipulum thallodes " is produced, 

 and the asci are formed in the midst of the paraphyse-tissue. 



The other species examined exhibited a general agreement in the 

 phenomena with Anaptychia. In Hamalina fraxinea the apotheces are 

 distinguished by the dense masses of gonids which surround them. The 

 contents of the pollinoids appeared here to pass into the trichogyne. 



* Morot's Journ. de Bot., ii. (1888) pp. 432-40 (I pi.). 

 t Flora, Ixxi. (1888) pp. 451-89 (1 pi.). 



