ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MIOEOSCOPY, ETC. 383 



one of the most valuable which has ever been brought together in a 

 single voyage ; before its arrival we had little or no knowledge of the 

 bathymetrical distribution of the group. Species of Munida are pre- 

 valent, and there are here described fifteen new species. In most of the 

 deep-water Galatheids the eggs carried by the female are few in number 

 and very large in size, whence we may infer that in the deep sea enemies 

 are fewer. In Ptychogaster and TJroptychus the abdomen is twice folded 

 on itself; these seem to lead a sedentary life in the branches of 

 Gorgonids. In all, 161 species belonging to 52 genera are described ; of 

 these, 7 genera and 86 species are new to science. 



Amphipoda of the * Challenger '.*— The Eev. T. E. E. Stebbing has 

 published an enormous report on the Amphipoda collected by the 

 ' Challenger,' 640 pp. of which are bibliography. The ordinary division 

 of the Amphipoda into three groups, the Gammarina, Caprellina, and 

 Hyperina is adopted. All the waters of the world are found to contain 

 them, and they are pushing out advanced guards in a sort of tentative 

 manner on to the land, where they may have a great future before them ; 

 they are readily able to adapt themselves to many varying circumstances. 

 From below 300 fathoms the ' Challenger ' possibly dredged thirty-one 

 specimens of Gammarina, which represent twenty-five genera, of which 

 ten are new, and twenty-eight species, of which twenty-six are new. In 

 all, thirty-one genera and one hundred and eighty species are described 

 as new. 



Argulus foliaceus.t — Prof. F. Ley dig has some fresh observations to 

 record on a creature whose anatomy he first described nearly forty years 

 ago. Among the subjects discussed as parts of the integument are the 

 dermal glands ; these have a nucleus proportionately small to the size of 

 the body of the gland ; alter the use of reagents a body may be seen 

 projecting from the orifice of the efferent duct ; it appears to be the 

 secretion of the gland hardened into the form of a cylinder. In the 

 living animal the body of the gland exhibits such modifications of form 

 that one is inclined to ascribe to it a proper power of contractility. 

 In a few cases the glands are compound and not unicellular. The muscu- 

 lature of the body is not highly developed. With regard to the histology 

 of the nerve-centres it is stated that the cortex of the brain and cord, 

 below the cuticular neurilemma, is formed of ganglionic spheres which 

 hardly ever exhibit anything more than the character of small naked cells. 

 Dotted substance is found within the ganglionic swellings. On the 

 inner portion of the lateral commissure going from the upper to the 

 lower portion of the brain the most internal bands of these fibres form 

 a completely closed ring. As there is a similar arrangement in the 

 brain of the Lumbricina, it is probable that we have here a structure of 

 general distribution. Some of the bands which compose the commissures 

 radiate out towards the optic nerves and cross from one side to the other. 

 In the enlargements of the ventral cord there are fibres in addition to 

 the small-celled cortex and the internal dotted substance. The nerves 

 arising from the cord have a dorsal and a ventral root which lie close 

 together ; this would seem to be a general arrangement in Arthropods 

 and Annelids. The tubular character of the nerve-fibres of Argulus is 



* Eeports of the Voyage of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' Zoology, xxix., No. Ixvii. (1888), 

 Text in two halves, pp. xxiv. and 1737, and Atlas of 210 pla. 

 t Arch. f. Mikr. Anat., xxxiii. (1889) pp. 1-51 (5 pis.). 



