38 SUMMAKY OF CURKENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



essay,* Dr. Karsch enumerates the Myriapods (and spiders) obtained 

 during Eohlfs' African expedition. 



The first part of a monograph on the Austro-Hungarian Myria- 

 pods, by Dr. Latzel, has also appeared,t the class being divided into 

 four orders, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, and Malacopoda. The 

 Chilopoda are alone dealt with in this first part, of which 31 genera 

 are recognized (15 European). Stigmatogaster (European) and Noto- 

 pJiilides (American) are nov. gen. 



Dr. Latzel says that pinned specimens of Myriapoda are of no use, 

 and that they should be preserved in spirits of wine in well-corked 

 glass tubes. 



Professor Tomosvary ^ gives a revised list of Hungai'ian species, 

 as supplementary to Latzel's monograjDh. Mecistocephalus hungaricus 

 and GeopJdlus paradoxus are for the first time described, together 

 with two nov. spec, of LitJiobius. 



Eyes of Myriapods. § — In his monograph on the visual organ of 

 Arthropods, Prof. H. Grenacher discussed the eyes of Insects, Arach- 

 nids and Crustaceans, but not of MyriajDods. The fauna of temperate 

 Europe scarcely affords suitable materials for these delicate investi- 

 gations. Grenacher now describes sections of the eyes of a number 

 of exotic Myriapods. These are figured on two very attractive plates. 

 In the mean time two independent observers, Sograff (author of a 

 Eussian memoir on LWiohius, published in 1880, at Moscow ||), and 

 Graber,l[ have also studied the same subject. Grenacher adds much 

 to what they have ascertained, and corrects some serious errors into 

 which Graber seems to have fallen. 



Comparing the simple eyes of some Arthropods with the typical 

 facetted eyes of Insects and Crustaceans, Grenacher had demonstrated 

 elements common to both, in the well-known retinal cells. These 

 elements Graber would deem multicellular, ascribing to them two to 

 three nuclei. But Grenacher contends that Graber has here made three 

 simultaneous mistakes : he has described the presence of nuclei where 

 no such bodies exist, has mistaken other structures for nuclei, and 

 missed the nuclei themselves. By an unhappy fatality Graber con- 

 firms Grenacher in a wrong account of the retina of Epcira, not cor- 

 rected by the latter until after his book was printed. Graber also 

 misinterj)rets Greuacher's discovery of the peculiar dimorphism of the^ 

 retinal elements which one and the same Arthropod may display. 

 These, with further particulars as to the eyes of spiders and scorpions, 

 for the sake of com^jarison with Graber' s results, are given by Grena- 

 cher, in an introduction to his present memoir. 



The eyes of different Myriapods differ greatly, contrary to what 

 has hitherto been supposed. Grenacher distinguishes those of (1) 

 Scolopendridae, (2) LWiohius, (3) Julus, (4) Glomeris, and (5) Scutigera. 



* Arch. f. Naturgesch., xlvii. (1880) pp. 1-14 (1 pi.). 



t Latzel, R., ' Die Mvriofoden der Oesterreicliiscli-ungarischen MonarcMe. 

 Erste Hiilfte. Die Chilopoden,' 228 pp. (10 pis.). (8vo. Wien, 1880.) 

 J Zool. Anzeig., iii. (1880) pp. 617-19. 

 § Arch. Mikr. Anat., xviii. (1880) pp. 415-67 (2 pis.). 

 II See also Zool. Atizeig., ii. (1879) No. 18. 

 •j Arch. Mikr. Anat., xvii. pp. 58-94 (3 pis.). See this Journal, iii. (1880) p. 61. 



