ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICEOSCOPY, ETC. 267 



Hypertrophy and Multiplication of Nuclei in the Hypertrophied 

 Cells of Plants.* — M. E. Prillieux describes the multiplication of 

 nuclei in the roots of plants which have germinated in a soil, the 

 temperature of which generally exceeded by about 10^ that of the 

 surrounding air ; two, three, or four nuclei have been found in each 

 cell, and they were either isolated or united into a mass, and closely 

 adpressed one to another; sometimes they were of the same size, but 

 they frequently varied in size and form. 



A number of nuclei in a cell have often been observed, but the 

 phenomenon has generally been studied in the reproductive organs ; 

 in the cases observed by the author (in hypertrophied tissues) the 

 nuclei have, to use the expression of Van Beneden, multijilied by fran- 

 mentation. These nuclei often contain a number of nucleoli, of various 

 sizes and forms ; the hypertrophied nuclei are vesicular, the proto- 

 plasmic mass is dense and finely granular, save in its centre, which is 

 less dense and more liquid. The nucleoli are found in the parietal 

 layer. When the nucleus divides, there is first formed in its interior 

 a plasmatic partition ; then the two halves swell and become isolated. 

 This isolation is completed by the prolongation of the dividing fissure. 

 In some cases the nuclei remain adpressed, and in this case the two 

 new nuclei are formed in the interior of a portion of the proto- 

 plasm. 



Histological Structure of Succulent Fruits.-]- — According to 

 V. Borbas, the pericarp of succulent fruits consists sometimes of three, 

 sometimes of four layers. The former is the case in the fruits of 

 Solanacefe, Vitis vinifera, Bibes, Phytolacca, Heclera, Ligustrum, 

 Berheris, OpMopogon, Buscus, Cucurbitacese, and in the hesperidium of 

 Citrus; while a fourth layer occurs in those of the Amygdalete 

 (Drupaceffi), Caprifoliacete, Crataegus, Bhamnus, Bivina, and Tilia. 

 The outermost layer, or exocarp, scarcely differs in structure from the 

 epidermis of leaves. The thicker or thinner mesocarp is composed of 

 parenchymatous cells. The endocarp resembles the exocarp in con- 

 sisting of angular, or bulging, or occasionally of elongated cells. The 

 fourth or sclerenchymatous layer is composed of lignified parenchy- 

 matous cells. 



Anatomy of Adoxa Moschatellina.^ — M. P. van Tieghem calls 

 attention to an interesting peculiarity in the internal structure of 

 Adoxa MoschatelUna, viz. a difference between the arrangement of the 

 fibro-vascular bundles in the aerial stem and in the rhizome. In the 

 former there are from four to six separate bundles arranged in a 

 circle surrounding a large pith which is connected with the bark by 

 medullary rays, but not enveloped by an endoderm. In the rhizome, 

 on the contrary, the fibro-vascular bundles are all collected in tlie 

 centre and surrounded by an endoderm; and there is no pith and no 

 medullary rays. 



* Comptes Rendus, xcii. (1881) pp. 147-9. 



t ' Foldmivelesi Erdokeink,' 188U. See Bot. Central])!, i. (1880) p. 1299. 



X Bull. Soc. B.jt. France, xxvii. (1880; p. 282. 



