ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 277 



gathered respectively by Nyman in Sicily, and by Philibert at Bona 

 in Algeria. 



In the typical forms of Calypogeia, e. g. C. Trichomanis, as also in 

 Geocalyx and Saccogyna, the archegonia are seated on a short branch 

 which is subsequently widened at its extremity into the " fertile sac " 

 (^Fruchtsach) beneath the surface of the soil, within which the sporo- 

 gonium is formed, subsequently emerging from it laterally by the 

 side of the stem. In C ericetorum, on the contrary, the archegonia 

 are seated on the upper side of the stem, between the two rows of 

 leaves (there being no amphigastria), six or seven together. After 

 fertilization, they bend downwards ; the under side of the stem puts 

 out a protuberance which elongates into a long cylindrical " fertile 

 tube " (Fruchtrohr), as much as 5 mm. in length, and closed at the 

 lower end. This tube strikes vertically downwards into the soil, and 

 is clothed with small rhizoids. The sporogonium is subsequently 

 formed at the base of this tube, the mouth of which stands open 

 among the involucral leaves, and not by the side of the leaves, as in 

 Geocalyx. Saccogyna, and Calypogeia Trichomanis. The Sicilian plant 

 is the only European Hepatica in which this singular structure has 

 been observed. 



The author also gives full diagnoses of the genera Gongylanihus 

 and Podanthe, and of some new or little-known species. 



A new German Sphagnum. * — E. Hampe gives the following 

 diagnosis of a new species of Sphagnum, on which he bestows the 

 name S. suhhicolor, found on the margin of a ditch at Helmstedt, 

 growing in detached cushions, submerged when the water is at a high 

 level, and resembling in habit elongated and lax forms of S. cymhi- 

 folium. 



Dense csespitosum, pulvinatim explanatum, mollissimum, pallide 

 flavescens, siccum hyaline albescens ; vivum capite viridi ornatum. 

 Caulis robustus, erectus, usque spithameus, simplex vel divisus ; ramis 

 interioribus caulem tegentibus deflexis, exterioribus alternis patenti- 

 recurvatis deflexis attenuatis apicibus filescentibus. Folia caulina 

 flaccida, ampla, e basi angustiore obovato-rotundata, cucullato-eoncava, 

 immarginata, integerrima ; cellulis basilaribus internis crassioribus 

 inanibus, cellulis tenuioribus dimorphis, usque ad basim folii circum- 

 datis, cellulis apicalibus crassioribus subquadratis. Folia ramorum 

 laxe imbricata, sicca apicibus recurvis, ovato-lanceolata obtusa, apice 

 cucuUato-contracta concava, cellulis dorsalibus incrassatis, cristatis, 

 omnibus dimorphis. Folia comalia viridula, dense imbricata breviora, 

 ovata, obtusa, concava. Fructus deest.^j" 



Fungi. 



Carbon- and Nitrogen-compounds as Sources of Nutriment for 

 the lower Fungi.| — Prof. Naegeli has carried out a long series of 

 experiments for the purpose of determining from what compounds of 



* ' Flora,' Ixiii. (1880) pp. 440-1. 



t Dr. Braithwaite considers this to be identical with S. papillosum Lindbcrg. 



% SB. Akad. Wiss. Munchen, 1880, pp. 277-367. 



