ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICEOSCOPY, ETC, 759 



Sclirank in 1803, and afterwards Ehrenberg in 1838, circumscribed 

 the genus, taking as its type the marine form Tintinnus inquilinus 

 Schrank. Dujardin (1841) confounded the Tintinni with a very 

 different genus (Vaginicolce), and grouped together animals which 

 had no real relationship. Claparede and Lachmann (1858) were the 

 first to give any precise knowledge as to the structure of these 

 Infusoria, and pointed out the important fact that the Tintinnodea 

 have nothing comparable to the disk of the Vorticellce. Then came 

 Stein (1859-67) who, says Professor Fol, "by an incredible confusion, 

 introduced disorder into the whole characteristic of the group." In 

 fact this naturalist found a fresh-water Infusorian which he concluded 

 was a true type of the genus Tintinnus ; but which Professor Fol 

 believes to have been a very different animal. Lastly, Haeckel (1878) 

 described and figured various forms which he referred to two genera 

 (Didyocysta Ehr. and a new genus, Coclonella). 



Professor Fol proposes a provisional classification imder the 

 following genera, viz. Tintinnus Schrank, including as new species 

 T. ampulla (Figs. 7 and 8) and T. spiralis (Fig. 9) ; Coniocylis, n. 

 gen. ; Cyttarocylis, n. gen. ( G. cassis = Dictyocysta cassis Haeckel, Fig. 

 10). The name of Dictyocysta is reserved for the species in which 

 the test is really perforated and reduced to a sort of open cage. 



Eeticularian Ehizopoda.* — ^In the third part of his notes on these 

 forms collected by the 'Challenger,' Mr. H. B. Brady reviews the 

 classifications of the Foraminifera ; pointing out that although the 

 name itself hardly has its original meaning generally borne in mind, 

 it has found far more general acceptance than any of the numerous 

 other names that have been proposed ; though the term " Ehizopoda 

 Eeticularia " (Carpenter) is perfectly appropriate. E. Hertwig is 

 hardly justified in making the term Foraminifera synonymous with 

 Carpenter's term Perforata, for the former does not apply to the holes 

 in the test, but to the orifices by which the different chambers 

 communicate with one another. 



The new scheme of classification now proposed does not take the 

 texture of the test as a primary distinction, but uses it in a modified way. 

 There are nine groups, with four families : — (A) Test imperforate, 

 chitinous : GromidcB. (B) Test imperforate, normally porcellanous, &c. : 

 Miliolidce. (C) Test invariably arenaceous : Astrorhizidce, Lituolidce, 

 ParheridcE. (D) Tests of the larger species arenaceous, either with or 

 without a perforate calcareous basis ; smaller forms hyaline and con- 

 spicuously perforated : Textularidce. (E) Test calcareous, finely per- 

 forate : CMlostomellidce, Lagenidce. (F) Test calcareous, generally 

 very coarsely perforated, no trace of canal-system : Glohigerinidce. 

 (G) Test coarsely perforate, a few of the higher forms with double 

 chamber-walls and interseptal canals : Botalidce. (H) Test very 

 finely tubulated ; all the higher types possessing a system of inter- 

 septal canals of greater or less complexity : NummuUnidce. More than 

 one hundred new species are described. The "Notes" conclude with 

 one on " Biloculina-mud." 



* Quart. Joum. Micr. Sci., xxi. (1881) pp. 31-72. 



