ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 763 



doubtedly the agent which transmits the Coccidia of the liver ; 

 dogs and cats must be included with this animal as harbouring those 

 of the intestine. 



The alleged discovery by Lindemann of Psorospermiae in the 

 human kidneys is regarded with great doubt by Leuckart ; and the 

 Gregarinae of the hair described by that observer are allowed no claim 

 to serious notice. 



In dealing with the Infusoria, a general account is given of their 

 organization and developmental history. The Plagellata are the sub- 

 jects of a special description ; they are made the 1st Order of the 

 Infusoria. 



Leuckart has been unable to notice fully the nine species 

 described by Steinberg, from the genera Monas, Bodo, and Gercomonas, 

 found in the enamel of the human teeth, owing to the inaccessibility 

 of the work referred to ; uncertainty also prevails with regard to Bodo 

 saltans and Monas crepusculum, discovered by Wedl in foul abscesses ; 

 also as to the Bodo urinarius of Hassall. On the other hand, there is 

 more certainty about Gercomonas intestinalis Lambl. This form was 

 first observed by Davaine in the stools of cholera and typhus patients, 

 and was afterwards found in those accompanying the diarrhoeic condi- 

 tion, and was identified by Lambl in the liquid of a large Echinococcus- 

 cyst in the liver. How far this parasite is to be connected as an 

 originating agent with those complaints of the intestine which it 

 usually accompanies appears to be an open question ; but it is probably 

 not to be regarded as the proper originator, but as contributing by its 

 abundant development to the aggravation of the malady in cases where 

 it has found a favourable field for its increase. With respect to the 

 organization of the genus Trichomonas, Leuckart inclines to the ex- 

 planation that — at any rate, in the case of T. hatrachorum — a genuine 

 undulating fringe occurs, in opposition to Stein's explanation of what 

 appears to be of this nature. 



An especial addition is made by Leuckart to our knowledge of 

 Trichomonas vaginalis. To the genus Trichomonas he adds the 

 forms described as Gercomonas by Marchand and Zunker from the 

 stools of typhus patients or subjects suffering from severe enteric 

 affections ; it is termed T. intestinalis Leuckart. Its two anterior 

 cilia might well have been overlooked by the observers just men- 

 tioned. In its pathological and clinical relations this form ranks 

 with Gercomonas intestinalis. 



Of the Ciliata certain forms, such as Colpoda cucullus and Vorti- 

 cella, appear to develope occasionally in foul wounds and abscesses ; 

 the Bursaria described from a similar locality by Wedl is considered 

 by Leuckart as possibly referable to Glaucoma scintillans Ehr. Thus 

 the only truly parasitic Ciliate left is the well-known Balantidium coli 

 Malmst. 



Observations of the occurrence of this parasite have been largely 

 multiplied of late, but all the instances known are confined to Sweden 

 and the Kussian Baltic provinces, so that, considering the probably 

 indisputable fact of the transmission of this parasite by the pig, of 

 which it is a constant inhabitant, Leuckart is most likely right in 



