ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 



921 



thougli some members are wanting. Each of the five groups must 

 not be regarded as a direct line, but rather as a ramifying system. 

 They are distinguished by the nature of their colouring matter, the 

 Fungi being destitute of chlorophyll. 



The Fungi have their lowest representative in the agamous Sac- 

 charomycetes and Chytridiacete, through which they are allied to the 

 agamous Chloroj)hyce8e. The Schizomycetes do not belong to the 

 -Fungi, but are, as Cohn regards them, the agamous stage of the 

 non-chlorophyllaceous Cyanophycefe. The Mysomycetes are regarded 

 as an isogamous branch of the Chytridiace^. 



The Chloropliyceae, commencing with agamous forms, advance to 

 the most highly differentiated carposporous Batrachospermete. The 

 isogamous and oogamous Chlorophyccce are at the present time un- 

 known, and have probably died out. Hydrurus, the mode of repro- 

 duction of which is at present unknown, may probably belong here. 



The Ph8eoj)hyce8e are also connected with the Chlorophycese 

 through their lowest form, Chromophyton, and close with the Dictyo- 

 tacese in the oogamous stage. In this series alone is the carposporous 

 stage unknown. The Bacillariaceee form a small subordinate branch 

 of the Phasophycese, branching off from the lower agamous stage, 

 somewhat in the same way as the Conjugatae in the Chlorophycese. 



The most fully represented series in the whole class is the Chloro- 

 phycete, which can be divided into sis sub-series, each commencing 

 in the agamous stage, but not all advancing to the same degree of 

 development. The highest type of one of these series, the Characese, 

 forms the transition to the Bryophyta or Muscineae, and thence to still 

 higher forms. 



Cryptogamia Vascularia. 



Sadebeck's Vascular Cryptogams.* — We can only here call atten- 

 tion to the publication of a considerable instalment of this most im- 

 portant work. The portion at present published is arranged under 

 the following heads : — 1, Introduction ; general review of the process 

 of development ; 2, Structure of the Spores ; 3, Germination ; 4, Pro- 

 thallium ; 5, Sexual Organs ; 6, Development of the Embryo ; 7, Vege- 

 tative Organs ; 8, Sporangia. Under each of these heads the subject 

 is treated with a great amount of detail. 



Collateral Vascular Bundles in the Leaves of Ferns.f — G. 

 Haberlandt gives the following general results of his investigations 

 on this point. 



1. In the lamina of the leaf of all ferns examined (belonging to 

 all the families), the smaller vascular bundles are collateral, or at 

 least highly eccentric, in such a way that the hadrom (xylem) faces 

 the upper side, the leptom (phloem) the under side of the frond. 



2. The transition from the collateral structure of the small 

 bundles of the leaves to the concentric type of those of the stem, is the 



* Saclebeck, R., ' Die Gefasskryptogamen.' Lief. 2-6, pp. 147-326. (Breslau, 

 1880.) 



t SB. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Jime 17, 1881. See Bot. Ztg., xxxix. (1881) 

 p. 467. 



