ox THE ALIMENTARY TRACT OF CERTAIX BIRDS. 47 



Disease aiiiong young (Irouse." P. Z. 8. 1910, pp. 672-691, 



4 plates. 

 Fantham, H. B. (1910). — "Experimental Studies on Avian Cocci- 



diosis, especially in relation to Grouse, Fowls, and Pigeons." 



P. Z. S. 1910, pp. 708-722, 1 plate. 

 Kleix, E. (1892).— "The Etiology and Pathology of Grouse 



Disease and Fowl Enteritis." 

 Morse, G. B. (1908).— "White Diaxrhcea of Chicks." Circular 



128. U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry. 

 Tegetmeier. W. B.— 'Field,' vol. 104, p. 561 (24/9/04); vol. 105, 



p. 1027 (17/6/05); vol. 106, p. 410 (26/8/05); vol. 107, 



p. 4-65 (24/3/06). 



6. On the Alinientnrv Ti-act of certain Birds and on the 

 Mesenteric liclations of tlie Intestinal Loops. B}- Frank 

 E. Beddakd, M.A., F.H.S., F.Z.S., Prosector to the 

 Society. 



[Received March 1, 1910 : Read Xovember 29, 1910.] 



(Text-figures 9-28.) 



For some time past 1 have been accumulating notes relative to 

 the viscera of birds which have died in the Society's Gardens, 

 and have paid special attention to the alimentary tract. In the 

 following pages I call attention to the intestinal tract of a 

 number of birds which either have not been studied or as to 

 which my own investigations lead me to disagree with earlier 

 statements. 



I have dealt more particularly with such species as have not 

 been carefully studied from the point of view of the convolutions 

 of the intestine, and am able to call attention to a consideitible 

 series of birds. The subject is by no means a new one, dating as 

 it does from the accurate though few observations of John 

 Hunter. I arrive, however, at rathei' different classificatory 

 conclusions from others, and venture therefore to direct the 

 attention of the Society not only to the new facts but also to 

 certain classificatoiy infei'ences to which these facts point. 



The observations which I lay before the Societ}^ may be 

 considered undei' the following headings, viz. : — 



§ Historical Survey, p. 48. 



§ Description of the Intestinal Tract in various Groups of 



Birds, p. 50. 

 § Some General Considerations, p. 86. 

 § The Primitive Form of the Intestine in Birds, p. 86. 

 § The Course of the Evolution of the Gut, p. 87. 

 § The Mutual Affinities of Avian Families judged by the 



Intestinal Convolutions, p. 89. 

 § The Relation.ship between the Gut and the Xature of the 



Food, p. 90. 

 § Summary of Facts relatinc: to the Intestinal Coils of 



Birds, p. 92. 



