ox THE GAS GLANDS OF SOME TELEOSTEAN FISHES. 183 



PAPERS, 



11. On the Structure and Function of the Gas Glands and 

 Retia Mirabilia associated with the Gas Bkdder of some 

 Teleostean Fishes, with Notes on the Teleost Pancreas. 

 By W. N. F. Woodland, F.Z.S., The Zoological 

 Department, University College *, London. 



[Received November 9, 1910 : Read February 7, 1911.] 

 (Plates Il.-IX.t and Text-figures 53-62.) 



OONTE^TTS. 



Page 



Introductory 183 



Tart I. — The Structure of ''Red Bodies " 184 



Angiiilla as a Type 185 



Other Examples of this First Type of "Red Body" — Myriis, Opldchthys. 191 



A Second Type of "Red Body," exemplilied by Syngnathus 193 



Other Examples of this Second Type — Gohiits, Siphonostoma, Nerophis, 



GasterosieuSs Peristethiis, Tvigla, Smarts 193 



Xotes on the Teleost Pancreas 198 



A Third Type of " Red Body," exemplified by Ojakidium SOi 



Other Examples of this Third Tj-pe — Bo.v, AtJieritta, Coris, Covvum, 



Sargus, Balistes, Caranx, Serraiius, Zens, Gadus, Cepola, Perca . 205 



The Classification of Gas Glands 219 



The Giant Cells of Gas Glands 210 



The Gas Bubbles iu Gas Gland Cells ., 198 



Summary of Part I. and General Conclusions respecting Gas Gland 



Structure 215 



Part II. — The Physiology of "Red Bodies" 220 



The Principal Theories as to the Origin of the Bladder Gases 220 



Thilo 221 



Moreau 222 



J aeger 223 



Nusbaum and Reis 223 



Discussion of the Views of Jaeger and Nusbaum & Reis 22i 



A Statement of the Modern View of the Physiology of the " Red 



Bodies " 228 



Some additional Suggestions by the present Writer — the Rationale of 

 the Rete Mirabile, the Disintegration of the Red Blood Corpuscles 



and other Minor Features of "' Red Body " Structure 230 



Appendix A. — The Sources and Modes of Preparation of Material 236 



Appe>-dix B. — On the Artificial Production of Gas Bubbles in Cells of the 



Gas Gland 237 



A ddenda 241 



Literature Lists 242 



Introductory. 



In the present paper it is proposed to give a fairly complete 

 account of the gross and histological structui-e of the vasculo- 

 glandular organs or '' red bodies " found in the wall of the gas 

 bladder t of many teleost fishes, and to ofier certain suggestions 



* The greater part of the work t-onnected with the present paper was carried out 

 in the Zoological Department of King's College, London. 



t For explanation of the I'lates see pp. 245-248. 



X The terms " swim-bladder " and " air-bladder " are inappropriate, since fishes do 

 not use this apparatus for swimming and it does not contain air. 



13* 



