212 DR. W. N. F. WOODLAND OX THE 



tightly together, each consisting of a red mass of tissue, sur- 

 mounted by a cap of yellowish mucilaginous-looking material." 

 Each club-shaped process " consists essentially of two parts : — 

 (1) a mass of capillary blood-vessels, lying side by side, conveying 

 blood to and taking blood from the second parts ; (2) a glandular 

 portion." In figure 66 (Pi. YIII.) is represented diagrammatically 

 a transverse section of the gland of the "Codling," which shows 

 the " clubbed processes " well in section, also one " cap of 

 mucilaginous-looking " connective tissue. Vincent & Barnes go on 

 to say that " when the capillaries arrive at a point about "2 mnii 

 from the free surface of the gland, they interdigitate with 

 involutions of the glandular epithelium, which dips down between 

 them and forms a covering for them, thus constituting tubular 

 glands "2 mm. in length." In other words, Vincent &, Barnes 

 state that the glandular epithelium of Gaelics is that which I have 

 described above for the Eel and SyngiiatJms, and they provide a 

 diap-ram of what they suppose to be tlie folded arrangement of the 

 epithelium. I am quite willing to admit that the small columnar 

 cells which compose the glandular epithelium are in geneiul 

 arrano-ed round strands of vascular connective tissue, and that 

 occasionally the intercellular lumen is so extensive and so disposed 

 as to give the glandular tissue an almost folded appearance, but 

 there is no real ground for comparing the massive structure of the 

 glandular epithelium of the "Codling" to the folded epithelium 

 of Syngnathus, The gas gland of the " Codling " is of the massive 

 type, in which the intercellular lumina are very abundant and 

 occasionally very large. The capillaries are very small and run 

 in the numerous thick strands of connective tissue. As Vincent 

 & Barnes mention, caps of connective tissue, continuous with 

 the connective tissue penetrating the glandular epithelium, are 

 often present. I have not examined them in detail. 



Cepola rubescens L. 



The " red body " of Cepola t^iobescens is situated anteriorly in 

 the ventral wall of the bladder and has somewhat the shape of a bell 

 (PL VIII. fig. 67), the handle being formed by the rete mirabile. 

 The arteiy and vein enter the " red body " anteriorly at the top of 

 the bell-handle, and there give rise to the rete mirabile in the usual 

 way. The rete mirabile gradually diminishes as it supplies the 

 mass of the gas gland, which first appears, in the serifS of trans- 

 verse sections, on the right side of the " red body" (text-fig. 59, 

 G.E.). The peculiar feature about the " red body " of Gej^ola 

 is the curious folding of the glandular mass anteriorly. The gas 

 gland extends a considerable way posteriorly, as seen in figure 67, 

 and the best way to comprehend the folding anteriorly — the 

 foldino-, that is to say, of the whole mass of the gas gland, not 

 the folding of the epithelium hitherto described — is to observe the 

 diagrams of the sections contained in text-figure 59 in the reverse 

 order i. e. observe H first and A last. Diagram H represents the 

 olandular epithelium (the dotted area G.E.) as a mass of cells 

 developed from the general squamous epithelium {F.E.) lining the 



