SKULLS OP OXEN FROM NEWSTEAD. 



259 



direction of the horns. I shall, however, especially refer to the 

 premaxillse, occiput, and tempoi'al fossae. 



1. The Preinaxillce. — In some Zebras (e. g. the true Burchell 

 Zebra) the premaxilla may only be connected with the nasal for 

 a distance of 12 to 15 mm., while in others (e. g. a variety which 

 lives near Lake Baringo) the connection between the nasal a,nd 

 the premaxilla may exceed 50 mm. Differences in the food may 

 accovmt for the premaxillae being long in some cases and short in 

 others. The premaxillae may i-equire to be firmly wedged in 

 between the maxillte and nasals in varieties in the habit of feeding 

 during part of the year on coarse hard food, but only slightly 

 connected with the nasals in varieties which usually consume soft 

 green herbage. 



Text-fiff. 72. 



Skull of a Syrian Ox with vestigial horn-coves and a forehead like that of flat-polled 

 Aberdeen- Angus cattle ; the premaxillaa (P.M.) as in text-fig. 71 extend far 

 up between the maxillaa {3Lv.) and nasals (Na.). From Wilckens, 'Natur- 

 geschichte der Haustiere.' 



In the Anoa (Bos dejoressicornis) of Celebes and in the wild 

 Indian Bufialo {Bos bubahcs) the premaxillae are firmly wedged in 

 between the maxillae and nasals. In the Anoa (text-fig. 63, p. 250) 

 the total length of the premaxilla is 1 05 mm., and its connection with 

 the nasal is 35 mm. ; in the Bufl:alo (text-fig. 64) the total length 

 of the premaxilla may be 173 mm., and its connection with the 

 nasal 40 mm. 



This long intrusion of the premaxilla between the nasal and 



