272 



PROF. J. C. EWART ON 



upwards, and backwards as in some Indian cattle. Excei:)t when 

 they curve forwards at right angles to the frontals, as in typical 

 Celtic Shorthorns, the horns assist but little in settling the I'ace 

 to which the Newstead skulls belong. 



The Occijmt. — In some ISTewstead skulls the occiput has the 

 characteristics of the Urus represented in text -fig. 83. The general 

 outline is quadrangular, the occipital crest is flattened but not 

 encroached on by the tempoi'al fossae, the latei'al boitlers are nearly 

 straight, and a line carried through the highest point of the crest 

 lies beloAv the centre of the horn-cores ; further, there is a shield- 

 like projection [L.X.) for the insertion of the ligamentum n\u-ha^. 

 The distance from the crest to the lower border of the foramen 

 niagnum is nearly the same as the distance between the condyles 

 (C.) and little more than half the distance between the notches 

 (^V.i\^.) below the horn-cores on a level with the temporal fossfe. 



. Text-fis-. 85. 



Occiput and lioni-coies of a Urus in which the notches below the horn-cores 

 are deeper than in text-fig. 83. 



This occiput closelj' resembles the occiput of a Bos namadicus skull 

 in the British Museum. 



The nearly smooth supracristal part of the occiput extending 

 between the horn-cores measures from above downwards about 

 half as much as the part lying between the crest and the lower 

 border of the yb?r«»e9i OT,o(/?ww?z. In some cases the supracristal 

 part is flat and nearly in a line with the occiput proper, in others 

 it projects beyond the crest (text-fig. 79) and, though concave 

 in the centre immediately over the shield for the ligamentum 

 nuchse, it is prominent and convex above and forms a marked 

 angle with the forehead. In some cases the upper border of the 



