278 



PIUJF. J. C. EAVART ON 



almost entirely of polled individvials, now they are said to be all 

 horned *. There is a tradition that Oadzow cattle re-acquired 

 horns through a Highland bull, which, for a time, took forcible 

 possession of the herd, and it is a matter of history that some 

 years ago a " wild " Chillingham bull was made use of to rein- 

 vigorate the Cadzow " wild " cattle. The intercrossing, perhaps, 

 led to reversion towards a I'ace in the possession of, if not 

 actually introduced by, the Roman auxiliaries who garrisoned the 

 border-fort during the later part of the first century t. 



Text-fig, 89. 



Front part of the skull of a Zebu {Bos indicus) in which the pi-emaxillaj 

 reach the nasals. 



In addition to Newstead skulls with an occiput of the Urus 

 and acutifrons types, there are skulls which in the occiput 

 agree with certain Indian cattle. In Indian as in European 

 domestic cattle the premaxillse are sometimes long and in 

 contact with the nasals (text-fig. 89), sometimes shoit and 

 terminating some distance from the nasals (text-fig. 90). In 

 at least some Zebus long premaxillsB ai'e correlated Avith a wide 

 Urus-like occiput, and short jDiemaxillse Avith a narioAv deep 

 occiput. In seA"eral small NeAA^stead skulls the occiput closely 



* A skull of a polled Cadzow Ox in the Anatomical Museum of the University 

 of Edinburgh agrees in the premaxillse and occiput with JBos frimigenms. 



t The Chillingham and Chartley " wild " park cattle in their occiput conform to 

 the Urus type. 



