280 



PROF. J. C. EWART ON 



Though Bos j)rimigenms reached Europe from Central Asia in 

 early Pleistocene times, there is no evidence that it was living 

 under domestication on the arrival in Post-Pleistocene times of 

 the Neoliths. Further, there is no evidence of the existence of a 

 small Ox of the Celtic Shorthorn type in Eui'opean Palaeolithic 

 deposits — Prof. Boule e. g., found not a single fragment of Owen's 

 Bos longifrons in deposits of the Reindeer age at Monaco. 

 Neither is there any evidence of the existence of a small wild Ox 

 in Pleistocene times in Central Asia. 



Text-fig. 91. 



Occiput of the Zebu with the premaxilke reaching the nasals (text-fig. 89). 



In several of the Celtic Shorthorn skulls from Newstead the occiput resembles 

 that of the Zebu. 



Text-figs. 89-91 from skulls in the Royal College of Surgeons Museum, London. 



The examination of the bones of Oxen from Anau, Tui'kestan, 

 led Duerst to conclude : — (1) that a large long-horned breed was 

 formed by the Anau.-li about 8000 B.C. from a large wild Asiatic 

 race which he regarded as the exact equivalent of the European 

 TJrus (Bos prlmigenius) ; (2) that about 6000 B.C. a small short- 

 horned breed, identical with Owen's Bos longifrons and Riiti- 

 meyer's Bos bracJiyceros, was formed at Anau, or brought to Anau 

 from some other settlement in Centival Asia. If, as seems 

 probable, the Urus was the only wild Ox in Central Asia in 

 prehistoric times, it must be assumed that the small Ox in the 



