ox THE VARIATIONS OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER, 323 



7. In the Mammal — an Aardwolf — the worms were encysted 

 pentastomata, which were in large numbers all over the body, 

 causing pleuritis and peritonitis. In the Birds they were mostly 

 syngamus. 



8. Under Malaria are grouped cases in which intracorpuscular 

 parasites belonging either to the Halter klkmi or Proteosoma 

 group have been found in sufficient numbers to cause death. 



9. In a Bulbul in which 60 per cent, of the polynuclear leuco- 

 cytes were infected. This I believe to be new. 



10. Most of these occurred during the first and last three 

 months of the year ; 4 of them were badly rickety. 



11. Nine of the Mammals had bad rickets also. The number 

 of cases amongst Birds, in which it is relatively much more fatal, 

 is slightly less than last year. 



12. In most of the Mammals it was caused by food-jjoisoning, 

 in others, and in the Birds and Reptiles, by worms burrowing into 

 the mucosa. 



13. In 7 Mammals, 59 Birds, and 1 Reptile the enteritis was 

 hsemorrhagic ; in 6 Birds and 6 Reptiles it was due to woi-ms ; and 

 in 9 Birds and 1 Mammal it was due to foreign bodies. This 

 disease is a little less prevalent than last year. 



14. Two very extreme intussusceptions occurred in two Wom- 

 bats, recent arrivals, which came together. 



15. In a Coypu Rat, in which 27 stones were found. 



16. Four of these cases of cancer were in Wallabies, the 

 stomach in all was the seat of the primary growth ; the fifth was 

 in a Markhoor in the mouth. 



17. Two Gazelles died from sarcoma, one of liver and one of 

 mediastinal glands. 



18. This occurred in a Jungle-fowl and was of the spleno- 

 medullary variety. 



19. In a Partridge and Mai^sh-Bird, both not described before. 



20. In a Bat, in which all the wing-joints Avere affected. 



16. A Contribution to the Study of the Variations of the 

 Spotted Salamander (Salaynandra tnaculosa). By 

 Edwaed G. Boulenger*. 



[Received December 10, 1910 : Read February 21, 1911.] 



(Plate XY.t & Text-figures 99-102.) 



The experiments now being carried out in Vienna by 

 Dr. Kammerer on the colour-changes of the Spotted Salamander 

 [Scdamandra maculosa) in relation to its environment are 

 attracting attention, and it has occurred to me that a general 

 survey of what is known of the varieties of this very variable 

 species, especially in connection with the geographical distribution, 



* Communicated \iy G. A. Boulengeb, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. 



•f- For explanation of the Plate see p. 3t7. 



