VARIATIONS OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER. 341 



much reduceil in width ; the small amount of yellow on 



the parotoids is also very exceptional ; the belly is 



entirely black. 

 d, also from Roscoft', is remarkable for the reguLirity of the 



two yellow dorsal bands ; the yellow predominates on the 



lower parts. 

 e is selected out of manv from the Harz as showins the 



preponderance of yellow, the black of the upper surface 



being reduced to a few markings ; the throat and belly 



are yellow with scanty black spots. 



Leaving out the specimen from Rome mentioned by Dumeril 

 (possibly through some error of locality), the habitat of this variety 

 is restricted to France, Spain and Portugal, Belgium, S. Holland, 

 Germany, and Switzerland. On its occurrence alongside with the 

 typical form, see above, p. 333. 



IV. Dr. Kammerer on the Variations of 

 Salamandra maculosa. 



In the introduction to this paper I have expressed surprise at the 

 distinction between the typical form and the striped form not 

 having been brought out more clearly by the authors who have 

 dealt with the varieties of this species. 



This applies also to the most recent worker on the subject. 

 Dr. Kammerer (14, p. 69), some of whose highly interesting 

 observations are here reproduced. As he has accompanied them 

 with remarks on the correlation between the coloration and the 

 conditions under which the individuals occur and has drawn 

 provisional conclusions with which I cannot always concur, I 

 have appended my criticisms, insei'ted in square brackets. 



It is possible, he thinks, to establish the existence of local modi- 

 fications as concerns the intensity of the yellow and its distribution 

 on the black ground-colour. Number, size, and intensity of the 

 yellow spots are in direct proportion to one another. One seldom 

 meets with specimens with few but large spots*. 



[This statement is evidently meant to apply to the typical form 

 with isolated spots, but fails to express the state of things in cases 

 when several spots fuse together and are consequently large and 

 few ; the very yellow specimens, which are not so very unf requent, 

 having the spots few in number.] 



The contrary, many but small spots, occurs only in the var, 

 Corsica [fide Bedriaga)t. 



[This is perfectly ti'ue as regards Bedriaga's specimen from 



* " Es lassen sich naralich hinsichtlich der Satti^ung des Gelb und der Vertheilung 

 desselben aufder schwarzen Grundfarbe lokale Abanderungen feststellen, die durch 

 eine Meiige verschiedenavtiser Faktoren beeinflusst zu sein scheinen. Zahl, Grosse 

 mid Sattigung dev gelben Fleckeii stehen in direktev Proportionalitat zu einander : 

 man findet selten Individuen mit wenigen, abergrossen Plecken." 



t "Das Umgekebrte, viele, aber kleine Flecken, tritt nur bei der var. Corsica Savi 

 (vgl. V. Bedriaga) anf." 



Proc. Zool. Soc— 1911, No. XXIII. 23 



