RELATIVE VIABILITY IX MAMMALS AND BIRDS. 461 



TT No. of Av. dur. M.ix. ilur. 



H1PPOPOTAMID.E. j„^i^. in months, in months. 



IHpiwpotamus amphibms (Hippo- 3 290 335 



potainus). 

 The maxiraum duration of nearly 28 years has been surpassed by 

 a female Hippopotamus, born in the Gardens and which recently 

 died at the age of 39 years. The viability of these animals is 

 good, if they are sufficiently protected from cold in winter, but it 

 is to be noticed that if the maximum ages attained give any 

 indication of the potential longevity, the Hippopotamus, in pro- 

 portion to its size, cannot be regarded as a long-lived animal. 



PhACOCHCERID^. f°-.°* Av.duv. Max-, dur. 



Indiv. in montlis. m months. 



Phacochcerusafncanus[JEi\{?in^BW{\v\.h.og) 1 24 24 



P. oe^/iiop/cits (Ethiopian Warthog) 6 55 131 



SuiD.E. 



Sus, whole genus 25 55 234 



Stis andamanensis {Andsimoxi S\viu.e) ... 2 134 147 



S. cristatus (Indian Wild Swine) 2 54-5 89 



/6'. ?ezteo?rty5^aa; (White-whiskered Swine) 5 65'8 158 



S . papuensis (Vii^wsiW Yig) 1 74 74 



/S'. scro/a (Wild Swine) 15 40 234 



Porcula salvania {Vigmj Hog) 5 48 90 



Bahirussa alfitrus (Babirussa) 6 41 126 



Potaviochceri(,safrica7ius{^ovLt]\ern'R\wQv- 5 86 176 



Hog) 



P. joe?wc^7/afws (Red River-Hog) 6 4 11 



Dicotyles lahiatus (White-lipped Peccary) 5 71 112 



i>. i!cya^it (Collared Peccary) 20 22-9 162 



The maximum duration of nearly 20 years for one of the Wild 

 Swine corresponds with the limits that various authors have 

 assigned to such animals. The viability is not good, and the 

 average would be much lower if a number of animals whose 

 duration was less than a month had not been omitted. 

 Capt. Flower's highest records are that of a Wild Swine still 

 alive after 12 years' duration, and a Babirussa alive after 9 years' 

 duration. 



Summary of Artiodactyla. 



The Artiodactyla contain animals of so many different kinds, 

 that we cannot expect to find a close correspondence between 

 size and longevity throughout the whole group, although on 

 the whole such a correspondence exists throughout the sub- 

 groups. The group as a whole is not notable for longevity in 

 proportion to size, and as the majority are vegetable-feeders with 

 capacious hind-gut and great tendency to intestinal putrefaction, 

 the general condition is in agreement with Metchnikofi''s theory. 

 Antelopes, sheep and goats, and deer appear in pi'oportion to 

 their size to have better viability than cattle, girafifes and camels, 

 whilst on the whole the non-ruminants are hardier, in proportion 

 to their size, than the ruminants. 



