RELATIVE VIABILITY IX MAMMALS AND BIRDS. 489 



is by no means unexpectedly high. The relation of average 

 dm-ation to maximum duration varies but is on the whole good, 

 showing a fairly high viability. These birds have been kept for 

 the most part in a large aviary with heated retreats but access to 

 the outer air. 



TT „ ^ No. of Av. duv. Max. dur. 



U PUPID.E. Indiv. in months, in iDonths. 



Upupa epops (Hoopoe) 7 17 29 



The maximum and average durations show low viability. 



M0MOTID.1:. 



Momotus hrasiliensis (Brazilian Motmot) 1 74 74 



M. stihriifescens (GsiVtSigemajx ,, ) 2 98 121 



The numbei's of individuals are very small but would appear 

 to show a high viability for these omnivorous birds, which have 

 been kept in a heated aviary with open-air flight-cages. 



Meropid^. 

 Jierops «p^asi{er (Common Bee-eater) ... 2 12 13 



The very poor success with Bee-eaters is no doubt associated 

 with the difficulty of feeding them. 



CORACIIDJE. 



Coracias affinis (Allied Roller) 1 21 21 



0. garrulus (Common ,, ) 6 6'5 10 



The difficulty with these omnivorous but largely insectivorous 

 birds is probably the provision of suitable food. 



PODARGID^. 



Podargus cuvieri(Cnviev'sPoda,rg\is)... 4 12 32 



There seems no reason except low viability to account for the 

 absence of success with this hardy-looking omnivorous bird. 



Steatornithid.e. 



Steatornis caripensis (Oil-bird) 1 1 1 



No just inference can be drawn fi'om a single example. 



RhAMPHASTID^. ^Y^ .Av.duv. Max. dur. 



Indiv. m months, in mouths. 



liham2:)hastos, vfhole genus 59 35 143 



^. arie^ (Ariel Toucan) 27 24 101 



i?. hrev-icarinatus (Short-billed Toucan) 2 91 108 



R. carinatus (Sulphur-breasted ,, ) 7 26 58 



R. cuvieri (Cuvier's ,, ) 2 5 8 



R. dicolorus (Green-billed ,, ) 5 54 143 



